Effect of dietary gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) modulated the growth performance, immune and antioxidant capacity, digestive enzymes, intestinal histology and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).

Dietary GABA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions in animals, but this has been rarely reported in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GABA on growth, serum antioxidant indicators, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and the gene expression of Nile tilapia. Diets containing three different GABA concentrations, 0 (control), 200 mg/kg (GABA200), and 500 mg/kg (GABA500), were fed to Nile tilapia (6.

Engagement of Penicillium marneffei conidia with multiple pattern recognition receptors on human monocytes.

P. marneffei is a thermal dimorphic fungus which causes penicilliosis, an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients in South and Southeast Asia. Little is known about the innate immune response to P.

Differential gene expression profiles of human monocyte-derived antigen presenting cells in response to Penicillium marneffei: roles of DC-SIGN (CD209) in fungal cell uptake.

DNA microarray technology was used to determine the gene expression profile of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) after stimulation by Penicillium marneffei yeast. The expression levels of 175 macrophage genes were found to be altered by a minimum of two-fold in magnitude following 4 hours of P. marneffei exposure.

Distinct immunologic properties of Penicillium marneffei yeasts obtained from different in vitro growth conditions.

A dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei is a causative agent of penicilliosis, a life-threatening disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts predominantly found in southeast Asia and southern China. P. marneffei is the only known Penicillium that possesses a dimorphic characteristic.