Role of Adhering Microflora in Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella from Young Chicks.

Adherence of gut microflora from Salmonella -free adult birds to the ceca of newly hatched chicks, and their role in protection against Salmonella was examined. The protective microflora remained attached to the cecal wall after four successive washings. Cultures of washed ceca taken from chicks 30 min to 1 h after treatment with fecal culture gave partial protection.

ICMSF Methods Studies. XVI. Comparison of Salt Polymyxin Broth with Glucose Salt Teepol Broth for Enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Naturally Contaminated Samples.

Two media, glucose salt teepol broth (GSTB) and salt polymyxin broth (SPB), were compared for their efficacy in enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in naturally contaminated samples using the most probable number (MPN) procedure. Eleven laboratories in four countries participated, six of them using two analysts. One hundred ninety-six of 335 samples were found to contain V.

Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella from Newly Hatched Chicks by Mixtures of Pure Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Fecal and Cecal Contents of Adult Birds.

Oral administration of defined mixtures of bacterial isolates from fecal and cecal contents of adult chickens protected young chicks against infection with Salmonella . One-day-old chicks were treated with mixtures containing 50, 40, 25 and 10 bacterial isolates and challenged 2 d later with 10, 10 and 10 colony-forming units of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella typhimurium . The chicks were examined for infection 6 d after challenge.

ICMSF Methods Studies. XV. Comparison of Four Media and Methods for Enumerating Staphylococcus aureus in Powdered Milk.

Four media were examined for their usefulness in enumerating Staphylococcus aureus inoculated (a) into milk that was then dried or (b) directly into dried milk powder. In all, seven strains of S. aureus were inoculated individually into each preparation and were enumerated after two periods of storage (18 to 19 d and 60 to 61 d).

Minimum Intestinal Inoculum for Nurmi Cultures and a New Method for Determining Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella from Chicks.

Protection of chicks against Salmonella infection was obtained by oral administration of Nurmi cultures. The Nurmi cultures were prepared by inoculating adult chicken intestinal material (10 to 10 g) into anaerobic liquid medium and incubating for 3 d at 37°C. Excellent protection was obtained with cultures initiated with as little as 10 g of fecal or cecal content; progressively less protection with 10 to 5 × 10 g; and none with cultures initiated with 10 g.

Comparison of Fresh Feces with Lyophilized and Frozen Cultures of Feces as Inocula to Prevent Salmonella Infection in Chicks.

Mixed treatment cultures obtained by inoculating anaerobic medium with chicken feces were administered to 0 to 1 d-old chicks in their drinking water. Three types of treatment cultures (all fourth passage) were compared: FFC (fresh fecal cultures started with inocula of fresh feces followed by four daily, uninterrupted serial subcultures), LFC (cultures started with inocula obtained by lyophilizing third-passage cultures), and FrFC (cultures started with inocula obtained by freezing third-passage cultures). Protection of treated chicks against infection by Salmonella typhimurium was assessed by challenging the chicks via their drinking water 2 d after treatment and culturing their ceca 8 to 9 d later, or at weekly intervals for 7 weeks.

Loss of Polymyxin B From Enrichment Broth for Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Polymyxin B sulfate (PB) added to salt broth (SB) for selective enrichment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was destroyed by autoclaving. Losses were about 49% at pH 7.4 and 97% at pH 8.

Nurmi Concept for Preventing Infection of Chicks by Salmonella: Comparison of Fecal Suspensions and Fecal Cultures Administered into the Crop and in Drinking Water.

Fecal suspensions and anaerobic fecal cultures prepared from adult chicken feces and administered by gavage into the crop or via drinking water were compared for their ability to protect newly hatched chickens against Salmonella infection. Good protection (decreased infection by ≥ 90%) was obtained with as little as 10 g of feces or 10 ml of a fourth serial fecal subculture. The two methods of administration were equally effective.

Reduction of Salmonella Excretion into Drinking Water Following Treatment of Chicks with Nurmi Culture.

Day-old chicks ( Gallus domesticus ) were treated with cultured feces of adult chickens according to the Nurmi concept and were challenged 2 days later with Salmonella typhimurium . Treated chicks were less susceptible to infection than untreated chicks (16% vs. 79% infected).

Prevention of Salmonella Infection in Chicks by Treatment with Fecal Cultures from Mature Chickens (Nurmi Cultures).

Chicks ( Gallus domesticus ) were treated per os with 24-h-old anaerobic cultures of feces from mature chickens 1 day after hatching, challenged with Salmonella typhimurium in the drinking water 2 days later, and sacrificed on day 11 or 12; then the lower third of the intestinal tract was examined for salmonellae. Cultures of feces inoculated directly into the crop or added to the drinking water, even after holding at -70 C for 21 days, protected chicks against infection by S. typhimurium .

Food Poisoning Associated with Post-Process Leakage (PPL) in Canned Foods.

One hundred and fifty-four incidents of food poisoning were associated with post-process leakage (PPL) between 1921 and 1979. These occurred mainly in Great Britian (72.7%) and Canada (17.

Studies on phenol and chinosol used as preservatives in tuberculin PPD solutions.

Phenol and chinosol (8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate), used extensively in commercial preparations of tuberculin PPD, were compared for their antimicrobial activity and their stability during storage.The antimicrobial activity of phenol (0.3%) was found to be much greater and to cover a wider spectrum of organisms than chinosol (0.

Establishment of a salmonella-free Guinea pig colony.

Salmonellosis due to Salmonella typhimurium was enzootic in a guinea pig breeding colony for over 25 years. A Salmonella-free auxiliary colony was established by removing weanlings from the infected colony to a clean area, and preventing infection. Examination of agglutinin titers and necropsy specimens indicated that the auxiliary colony was still free from Salmonella 18 months after its establishment while 24% of the guinea pigs dying in the infected colony yielded Salmonella typhimurium.