Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 by turmeric oleoresin reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in an osteoarthritis model.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive degradation of articular cartilage, resulting in pain and reduced mobility. Turmeric ( L.) has been widely recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain inadequately explored.

A comprehensive study on MDP effects: Microshear bond strength and fatigue resistance in 4YSZ ceramics.

The aim of this study is to assess the presence of MDP at various stages of the bonding procedure, enhance the adhesive and mechanical behavior of cemented zirconia ceramics. Fifty ceramic slices (15 × 15 × 2 mm) and 48 discs (Ø= 10 mm, 1 mm thickness) were prepared, sintered, air-abraded with aluminum oxide, and allocated considering: 1) microshear bond strength (µSBS) between ceramic slices and luting agent cylinders (height= 1 mm, Ø= 1.2 mm); 2) fatigue behavior, ceramic discs paired and bonded onto fiber-epoxy resin discs (Ø= 10 mm, 2.

The Expression of Cannabinoid and Cannabinoid-Related Receptors on the Gustatory Cells of the Piglet Tongue.

The gustatory system is responsible for detecting and evaluating the palatability of the various chemicals present in food and beverages. Taste bud cells, located primarily on the tongue, communicate with the gustatory sensory neurons by means of neurochemical signals, transmitting taste information to the brain. It has also been found that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may modulate food intake and palatability, and that taste bud cells express cannabinoid receptors.

A microencapsulated blend of botanicals supports weaning piglets during a lipopolysaccharide challenge by modulating liver inflammation and intestinal integrity.

This study examined the action of a blend of botanicals (BOT) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on cultured hepatocytes and weaning piglets. In vitro studies examined HepG2 cells treated with BOT and challenged with Escherichiacoli LPS for 8 d. BOT treatment reduced IL-6 concentration in cell culture media across time (P < 0.

A Lightweight Double Compression Detector for HEIF Images Based on Encoding Information.

Extensive research has been conducted in image forensics on the analysis of double-compressed images, particularly in the widely adopted JPEG format. However, there is a lack of methods to detect double compression in the HEIF format, which has recently gained popularity since it allows for reduced file size while maintaining image quality. Traditional JPEG-based techniques do not apply to HEIF due to its distinct encoding algorithms.

Ecocebo: How the interaction between environment and drug effects may improve pharmacotherapy outcomes.

This narrative review describes the research on the effects of the association between environmental context and medications, suggesting the benefit of specific design interventions in adjunction to pharmacotherapy. The literature on Evidence-Based Design (EBD) studies and Neuro-Architecture show how contact with light, nature, and specific physical features of urban and interior architecture may enhance the effects of analgesic, anxiolytics, and antidepressant drugs. This interaction mirrors those already known between psychedelics, drugs of abuse, and setting.

Effect of ZrO2 paste, surface treatments, and storage on Weibull characteristics and resin bond strength to zirconia.

The objective is to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and storage on the shear strength of ultratranslucent zirconia. 36 blocks of ultra-translucent zirconia were fabricated (7x7x2mm) and sintered. Then, divided into 12 groups according to the "surface treatment" (C -Primer; Al -Sandblasting with Al2O3 + Primer; Si -Silicate + Primer; Gl -Glaze + HF + Primer; Z -Zirlink; Zp -Zirlink + Primer) and "storage" factors (ST-with 150 days/37º and without).

Brief exposure to enriched environment rapidly shapes the glutamate synapses in the rat brain: A metaplastic fingerprint.

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to produce beneficial effects in addiction disorders; however, due to its configurational complexity, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Recent evidence suggests that EE, acting as a metaplastic agent, may affect glutamatergic mechanisms underlying appetitive memory and, in turn, modulate reward-seeking behaviours: here, we have investigated such a possibility following a brief EE exposure. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to EE for 22 h and the expression of critical elements of the glutamate synapse was measured 2 h after the end of EE in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (Hipp) brain areas, which are critical for reward and memory.

ZEB1 shapes AML immunological niches, suppressing CD8 T cell activity while fostering Th17 cell expansion.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression is influenced by immune suppression induced by leukemia cells. ZEB1, a critical transcription factor in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, demonstrates immune regulatory functions in AML. Silencing ZEB1 in leukemic cells reduces engraftment and extramedullary disease in immune-competent mice, activating CD8 T lymphocytes and limiting Th17 cell expansion.

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Intracellular Development.

Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge in poultry production and is typically managed with ionophores and chemical anticoccidials. However, the emergence of drug resistance and limitations on their use have encouraged the exploration of alternative solutions, including botanical compounds and improvements in in vitro screening methods. Prior research focused only on the impact of these alternatives on invasion, with intracellular development in cell cultures receiving limited attention.

Temporal dynamics of BDNF signaling recruitment in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following a single infusion of a translational dose of ketamine.

Despite several decades of investigations, the mechanisms underlying the rapid action of ketamine as antidepressant are still far from being completely understood. Several studies indicated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as critical for the fast antidepressant action of ketamine, due to its contribution in early and rapid synaptic adaptations. However, previous reports have been essentially based on ketamine dosing modes that differ from the clinical route of administration (slow intravenous infusion).

A blend of selected botanicals maintains intestinal epithelial integrity and reduces susceptibility to F4 infection by modulating acute and chronic inflammation .

In the pig production cycle, the most delicate phase is weaning, a sudden and early change that requires a quick adaptation, at the cost of developing inflammation and oxidation, especially at the intestinal level. In this period, pathogens like enterotoxigenic (ETEC) contribute to the establishment of diarrhea, with long-lasting detrimental effects. Botanicals and their single bioactive components represent sustainable well-recognized tools in animal nutrition thanks to their wide-ranging beneficial functions.

The effects of virtual reality environmental enrichments on craving to food in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Environmental enrichment (EE) is a non-pharmacological approach that has been shown to be effective in reducing food-taking in rats. Studies in human volunteers are still in their infancy, given the difficulty to translate the complexity of EE in clinical practice. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising methodological approach, but no study has yet applied it to model and test EE in humans.

Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro.

Essential oils (EO) and natural bioactive compounds are well-known antibacterial and anti-inflammatory factors; however, little is known about their anticoccidial activity and mode of action. EO deriving from basil (BEO), garlic (GAR), oregano (OEO), thyme (TEO), and their main bioactive compounds were investigated for their anticoccidial proprieties and compared to salinomycin (SAL) and amprolium (AMP) in vitro. The invasion of Eimeria tenella sporozoites was studied on 2 cell models: Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells and primary chicken epithelial cells (cIEC).

Establishment and characterization of an SV40 immortalized chicken intestinal epithelial cell line.

Primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells or 3D enteroids are a powerful tool to study the different biological mechanisms that occur in the chicken intestine. Unfortunately, they are not ideal for large-scale screening or long-term studies due to their short lifespan. Moreover, they require expensive culture media, coatings, or the usage of live embryos for each isolation.

Evaluating protective effects of botanicals under inflammation and oxidative stress in chicken apical-out enteroids.

Botanicals (BOTs) are well known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. They have been widely used as feed additives to reduce inflammation and improve intestinal functions in agricultural animals. However, the effects of BOTs on chicken intestinal epithelial functions are not fully understood.

Impact of a Blend of Microencapsulated Organic Acids and Botanicals on the Microbiome of Commercial Broiler Breeders under Clinical Necrotic Enteritis.

Previously, the supplementation of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals improved the health and performance of broiler breeders under non-challenged conditions. This study aimed to determine if the microencapsulated blend impacted dysbiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler breeders. Day-of-hatch chicks were assigned to non-challenge and challenge groups, provided a basal diet supplemented with 0 or 500 g/MT of the blend, and subjected to a laboratory model for NE.

A microencapsulated feed additive containing organic acids and botanicals has a distinct effect on proliferative and metabolic related signaling in the jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens.

Well designed and formulated natural feed additives have the potential to provide many of the growth promoting and disease mitigating characteristics of in-feed antibiotics, particularly feed additives that elicit their effects on targeted areas of the gut. Here, we describe the mechanism of action of a microencapsulated feed additive containing organic acids and botanicals (AviPlusP) on the jejunum and ileum of 15-day-old broiler-type chickens. Day-of-hatch chicks were provided access to feed containing either 0 or 500 g/MT of the feed additive for the duration of the study.

Botanicals as a zinc oxide alternative to protect intestinal cells from an F4 infection by modulation of enterocyte inflammatory response and bacterial virulence.

Pharmacological doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) have been widely used in pig industry to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) symptoms exacerbated by enterotoxigenic F4 infections. Because of environmental issues and regulatory restrictions, ZnO is no longer sustainable, and novel nutritional alternatives to manage PWD are urgently required. Botanicals represent a wide class of compounds employed in animal nutrition because of their diverse beneficial functions.

Contribution of and Oak Chips to Trebbiano d'Abruzzo Wine Volatile and Sensory Diversity.

In this study, six fermentation trials were carried out: co-inoculation and sequential inoculation of and in the presence and absence of oak chips. Moreover, strain was attached to the oak chips and co-inoculated or sequentially inoculated with . Wines fermented with adhered to oak chips showed a higher concentration of glycerol (more than 6 g/L) than the others (about 5 g/L).

JMJD6 Shapes a Pro-tumor Microenvironment via ANXA1-Dependent Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with the luminal subtype being the most widespread. Although characterized by better prognosis compared with other subtypes, luminal breast cancer is still considered a threatening disease due to therapy resistance, which occurs via both cell- and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. Jumonji domain-containing 6, arginine demethylase and lysine hydroxylase (JMJD6) is endowed with a negative prognostic value in luminal breast cancer and, via its epigenetic activity, it is known to regulate many intrinsic cancer cell pathways.

A Comparison of the Immunometabolic Effect of Antibiotics and Plant Extracts in a Chicken Macrophage-like Cell Line during a Enteritidis Challenge.

Immunometabolic modulation of macrophages can play an important role in the innate immune response of chickens triggered with a multiplicity of insults. In this study, the immunometabolic role of two antibiotics (oxytetracycline and gentamicin) and four plant extracts (thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, garlic oil, and capsicum oleoresin) were investigated on a chicken macrophage-like cell line (HD11) during a Enteritidis infection. To study the effect of these substances, kinome peptide array analysis, Seahorse metabolic assay, and gene expression techniques were employed.

The use of thymol, carvacrol and sorbic acid in microencapsules to control Heidelberg, . Minnesota and . Typhimurium in broilers.

Introduction: The control of spp. in poultry involves different biosecurity actions and lately has been complicated by the emergence of multidrug resistant serovars. The application of organic acids and essential oils has been used with different approaches due to the antibacterial properties as food preservatives.