Risk Profile of Patients with Brushite Stone Disease and the Impact of Diet.

This study examined the profile of patients and the impact of diet on the risk of brushite stone formation under controlled, standardized conditions. Sixty-five patients with brushite nephrolithiasis were enrolled in the study. Metabolic, dietary, and 24 h urinary parameters were collected under the habitual, self-selected diet of the patients and the balanced mixed, standardized diet.

A new route for enantio-sensitive structure determination by photoelectron scattering on molecules in the gas phase.

X-Ray as well as electron diffraction are powerful tools for structure determination of molecules. Studies on randomly oriented molecules in the gas phase address cases in which molecular crystals cannot be generated or the interaction-free molecular structure is to be addressed. Such studies usually yield partial geometrical information, such as interatomic distances.

[Stopping antidepressants: withdrawal symptoms and rebound effects : Review and practical recommendations].

Stopping antidepressants can cause withdrawal (discontinuation) symptoms, the return of the original illness, and rebound. The latter means that the disease will return stronger, faster, or with greater likelihood than if it had not been treated with medication. The Psychiatry Working Group of the Drug Commission of the German Medical Association (AkdÄ) presents the scientific findings and provides practical recommendations for action.

Fourfold Differential Photoelectron Circular Dichroism.

We report on a joint experimental and theoretical study of photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in methyloxirane. By detecting O 1s photoelectrons in coincidence with fragment ions, we deduce the molecule's orientation and photoelectron emission direction in the laboratory frame. Thereby, we retrieve a fourfold differential PECD clearly beyond 50%.

Closed-loop recycling of rare liquid samples for gas-phase experiments.

Many samples of current interest in molecular physics and physical chemistry exist in the liquid phase and are vaporized for use in gas cells, diffuse gas targets, or molecular gas jets. For some of these techniques, the large sample consumption is a limiting factor. When rare, expensive molecules such as custom-made chiral molecules or species with isotopic labels are used, wasting them in the exhaust line of the pumps is quite an expensive and inefficient approach.

Acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a 6-year-old boy with ADHD on the third day of treatment with methylphenidate.

Methylphenidate (MPH) is an indirect-acting sympathomimetic drug and structurally related to amphetamine. It is widely used to treat children aged 6 years and older, as well as adolescents who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We report on a 6-year-old boy who presented with typical angina symptoms occurring several hours after intake of an increased dose of MPH, which had been initiated for ADHD treatment 2 days earlier.

Collisions between cold molecules in a superconducting magnetic trap.

Collisions between cold molecules are essential for studying fundamental aspects of quantum chemistry, and may enable the formation of quantum degenerate molecular matter by evaporative cooling. However, collisions between trapped, naturally occurring molecules have not been directly observed so far owing to the low collision rates of dilute samples. Here we report the direct observation of collisions between cold trapped molecules, without the need for laser cooling.

State-Dependent Fragmentation of Protonated Uracil and Uridine.

Action spectroscopy using photon excitation in the VUV range (photon energy 4.5-9 eV) was performed on protonated uracil (UraH) and uridine (UrdH). The precursor ions with m/ z 113 and m/ z 245, respectively, were produced by an electrospray ionization source and accumulated inside a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.

Enantioselective fragmentation of an achiral molecule in a strong laser field.

Chirality is omnipresent in living nature. On the single molecule level, the response of a chiral species to a chiral probe depends on their respective handedness. A prominent example is the difference in the interaction of a chiral molecule with left or right circularly polarized light.

The development of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems in childhood and adolescence.

Brain maturation extends throughout adolescence well into early adulthood. Knowledge on developmental changes is crucial for age-appropriate pharmacotherapy. This article reviews data on maturational processes with a focus on the noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems.

[Recording and assessment of medication errors : Experience of the Drug Commission of the German Medical Association].

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a common problem in daily clinical practice and they may in part result from medication errors. According to the extended interpretation in the new European pharmacovigilance guideline, medication error-related reactions are classified as ADRs. Therefore, the pharmacovigilance system needs to be adjusted to record medication errors.

Circular Dichroism in Fluorescence Emission Following the C 1s→π* Excitation and Resonant Auger Decay of Carbon Monoxide.

Dichroism in angle-resolved spectra of circularly polarized fluorescence from freely-rotating CO molecules was studied experimentally and theoretically. For this purpose, carbon monoxide in the gas phase was exposed to circularly polarized soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. The photon energy was tuned across the C 1s→π* resonant excitation, which decayed via the participator Auger transition into the CO⁺ A ²Π state.

Investigating Absolute Stereochemical Configuration with Coulomb Explosion Imaging.

It is a particularly challenging task in stereochemistry to determine the absolute configuration of chiral molecules, i.e. to assign to a given sample the microscopic enantiomeric structure.

Publisher Correction: Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the fifth sentence of the first paragraph of the 'Application on H' section of the Results, which incorrectly read 'The role of electron correlation is quite apparent in this presentation: Fig. 1a is empty for the uncorrelated Hartree-Fock wave function, since projection of the latter wave function onto the 2pσ orbital is exactly zero, while this is not the case for the fully correlated wave function (Fig. 1d); also, Fig.

Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule.

The toolbox for imaging molecules is well-equipped today. Some techniques visualize the geometrical structure, others the electron density or electron orbitals. Molecules are many-body systems for which the correlation between the constituents is decisive and the spatial and the momentum distribution of one electron depends on those of the other electrons and the nuclei.

Comparison of intubation devices in level C personal protective equipment: A cadaveric study.

Background: With the advancement of chemical, biological and nuclear warfare and the reemergence of infectious diseases, the possibility of intubating in personal protective equipment has become increasingly more real to the emergency physician. Human cadaveric models have been found to simulate real world conditions better than mannequins. The aim of the study was to determine the first pass success rate and average time to successful intubation while wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers.

This article shows how the COLTRIMS (Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy) or the "reaction microscope" technique can be used to distinguish between enantiomers (stereoisomers) of simple chiral species on the level of individual molecules. In this approach, a gaseous molecular jet of the sample expands into a vacuum chamber and intersects with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. The high intensity of the pulses leads to fast multiple ionization, igniting a so-called Coulomb Explosion that produces several cationic (positively charged) fragments.

[Tardive movement disorders with antipsychotics – a case of aripirazole-induced tardive dystonia and review of the literature].

Extrapyramidal adverse events (EPS) occur less frequently with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). Tardive dyskinesia (TD), but not tardive dystonia (TDt), also seems to occur less often in adults. TD was found to occur less frequently in children and adolescents treated with FGAs than in adults.

Observation of Enhanced Chiral Asymmetries in the Inner-Shell Photoionization of Uniaxially Oriented Methyloxirane Enantiomers.

Most large molecules are chiral in their structure: they exist as two enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other. Whereas the rovibronic sublevels of two enantiomers are almost identical (neglecting a minuscular effect of the weak interaction), it turns out that the photoelectric effect is sensitive to the absolute configuration of the ionized enantiomer. Indeed, photoionization of randomly oriented enantiomers by left or right circularly polarized light results in a slightly different electron flux parallel or antiparallel with respect to the photon propagation direction-an effect termed photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD).

Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study from early childhood to preadolescence.

Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested.

Imaging the He2 quantum halo state using a free electron laser.

Quantum tunneling is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and crucial for many technological applications. It allows quantum particles to reach regions in space which are energetically not accessible according to classical mechanics. In this "tunneling region," the particle density is known to decay exponentially.

Two-Particle Interference of Electron Pairs on a Molecular Level.

We investigate the photodouble ionization of H_{2} molecules with 400 eV photons. We find that the emitted electrons do not show any sign of two-center interference fringes in their angular emission distributions if considered separately. In contrast, the quasiparticle consisting of both electrons (i.

Agreement of Experiment and Theory on the Single Ionization of Helium by Fast Proton Impact.

Even though the study of ion-atom collisions is a mature field of atomic physics, large discrepancies between experiment and theoretical calculations are still common. Here we present experimental results with high momentum resolution on the single ionization of helium induced by 1-MeV protons, and we compare these to theoretical calculations. The overall agreement is strikingly good, and even the first Born approximation yields good agreement between theory and experiment.