Enhanced Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Female Urinary Incontinence Using Static and Functional Transperineal Ultrasonography.

: To investigate the utility of transperineal ultrasound in detecting stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and identify optimal anatomical and functional parameters. : Thirty-four women presenting with SUI with or without pelvic organ prolapse between 2012 and 2016 were studied. The control group included patients without SUI who underwent surgery for mild gynecologic disorders or pelvic organ prolapse.

Diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound in pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective observational study.

Background: The increasing awareness of women's health issues, specifically pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), has spurred a surge in patients seeking specialised advice for these conditions, necessitating modern diagnostic approaches for such issues. This study explored the diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound for POP, emphasising its correlation with clinical assessments based on International Continence Society (ICS) criteria.

Methods: Seventy-one patients with POP Quantification System (POP-Q) stage 0-IV with or without UI were prospectively enrolled at Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2014 and 2016.

Metastases and Recurrence Risk Factors in Endometrial Cancer-The Role of Selected Molecular Changes, Hormonal Factors, Diagnostic Methods and Surgery Procedures.

The presence of metastatic endometrial cancer (EC) is a key problem in treatment failure associated with reduced overall survival rates. The most common metastatic location is the pelvic lymph nodes, and the least common is the brain. The presence of metastasis depends on many factors, including the molecular profile of cancer (according to the TCGA-Genome Atlas), the activity of certain hormones (estrogen, prolactin), and pro-inflammatory adipocytokines.

Trends in Systemic Inflammatory Reaction (SIR) during Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Chemotherapy in Women Suffering from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynaecological malignancy treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant taxane-platinum-based chemotherapy. It has been shown that the pretreatment systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR) in women with OC can be evaluated using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII), depending on the stage of disease, and has prognostic value for overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in NLR, LMR, PLR and SII during chemotherapy.

Association of Membranous WNT-1 and Nuclear mTOR with Endometrial Cancer Grade.

Endometrial cancer remains a common cancer affecting the female reproductive system. There is still a need for more efficient ways of determining the degree of malignancy and optimizing treatment. WNT and mTOR are components of signaling pathways within tumor cells, and dysfunction of either protein is associated with the pathogenesis of neoplasms.

A patient with advanced breast cancer and hyperthyroidism associated with struma ovarii.

Not required for Clical Vignettes.

Oviductal Oxygen Homeostasis in Patients with Uterine Myoma: Correlation between Hypoxia and Telocytes.

Oxygen balance is crucial for angiogenesis, immunity, and tissue repair. The human oviduct is essential for reproductive function, and any imbalance in homeostasis leads to fertility disturbances and might be a reason for ectopic pregnancy development. Uterine myoma is a widespread benign tumour, which is often accompanied by infertility.

Endometrial Cancer Management in Young Women.

Endometrial cancer (EC) rarely develops in young women. Most cases are associated with known risk factors: BMI > 30, history of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOs), and race differentiation. The molecular EC classification based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network divides these heterogeneous cancers into four types: Polymerase Epsilon Mutation (POLE), Microsatellite Instability (MSI), Copy Number Low (CNL), and Copy Number High (CNH).

Ultrasound differentiation between benign versus malignant adnexal masses in pregnant patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group ultrasound Simple Rules method in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors in pregnant patients.

Material And Methods: A prospective observational study that involved pregnant patients referred to our center due to suspicions of ovarian masses between January 2015 and December 2017 was performed. The Simple Rules performance was evaluated against the histopathological results.

Oviductal Telocytes in Patients with Uterine Myoma.

Tubal factor infertility occurs in 30-35% of infertile pairs and may be caused by impaired muscular contractility and ciliary beating as well as immunological imbalance and chronic inflammation. Newly discovered telocytes (TCs) have a wide palette of features, which play a role in oviduct physiology. We have observed tissue samples from human fallopian tubes in patients with and without uterine myoma by immunolabelling.

Role of Systemic Inflammatory Reaction in Female Genital Organ Malignancies - State of the Art.

Systemic inflammatory reaction (SIR) is an unfavorable prognostic factor in many malignancies and has a role in all stages of the neoplastic process: initiation, promotion, and disease progression. Analysis of SIR can be performed by assessing indicators (eg, lymphocyte-to-neutrophil, platelet-to-lymphocyte, and monocyte-to-neutrophil ratios) and products of neutrophils and lymphocytes (ie, the systemic immune-inflammation index), or by examining the relationship between levels of C-reactive protein and albumin (based on the Glasgow Prognostic Score, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio). Risk stratification is essential in the clinical management of cancer; hence, the evaluation of these factors has potential applications in the clinical management of patients with cancer and in the development of new therapeutic targets.

CD133 Expression in the Nucleus Is Associated with Endometrial Carcinoma Staging and Tumor Angioinvasion.

(1) Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women, with a growing incidence. To better understand the different behaviors associated with endometrial cancer, it is necessary to understand the changes that occur at a molecular level. CD133 is one of the factors that regulate tumor progression, which is primarily known as the transmembrane glycoprotein associated with tumor progression or cancer stem cells.

Early fetal cardiac scan as an element of the sonographic first-trimester screening.

Early fetal cardiac scan (EFCS) is becoming an increasingly common element of the first trimester ultrasound screening carried out at 11-14 gestational weeks. It offers the first possibility to detect congenital heart defects (CHD) or, in ambiguous cases, to identify those pregnancies where a more detailed cardiac scan would be required later in pregnancy. The size of the fetal heart at the end of the first trimester and the associated relatively low image resolution make it impossible to capture all cardiac data to inform the ultimate picture.

COLPOSCOPY 2020 - COLPOSCOPY PROTOCOLS: A Summary of the Clinical Experts Consensus Guidelines of the Polish Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathophysiology and the Polish Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians.

The Polish Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathophysiology and the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians provide comprehensive guidelines for colposcopy practice in secondary cervical cancer prevention in Poland. This part of the guidelines, developed by the clinical experts of the Working Group No. 1 (WG1), concerns the colposcopy protocols with the main aim of algorithmizing the procedure, together with all procedure-related processes.

Metastatic and non-metastatic sentinel inguinofemoral lymph nodes in vulvar cancer show an increased lymphangiogenesis.

Introduction And Objective: Lymph node involvement is a strong predictor of disease recurrence and patient survival in vulvar cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) screening, the incidence of skip metastases, and lymph node lymphangiogenesis.

Material And Methods: Fifty-five patients participated in this prospective, single centre study.

Coexistence of tooth agenesis and ovarian cancer - a systematic literature review.

Objectives: Dental agenesis - a congenital lack of teeth - is one of the most frequently diagnosed developmental defects of dentition. Genetics is a crucial factor in the etiology of this disorder. Missing teeth can be caused by mutation in genes including MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, and EDARADD.

Identification of PDGFRα+ cells in uterine fibroids - link between angiogenesis and uterine telocytes.

Introduction: Telocytes (TCs), also called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC), CD34+ cells or PDGFRα+ cells (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α positive cells), a new type of cell of mesenchymal origin, were described over one decade ago. The unique nature of these cells still deserves attention from the scientific community. Telocytes make homo- and heterocellular contact with myocytes, immunocytes and nerves, have their own immunohistochemical and secretome profiles and thus might regulate local regenerative processes including angiogenesis and fibrosis.

[Vitamin D in normal and pathologically changed endometrium].

More and more evidence from research confirms the significance of vitamin D (VD) in the development of endometrial pathologies. Apart from the well known role of VD in regulation of calcium levels, VD acts as modulator to many genes involved in cell growth, immunological functions and protein synthesis. The newest research shows that VD acts multidirectionally and its common deficiency has a causal link to the pathogenesis of many gynecological and cancerous conditions.

Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of microparticles in peripheral and uterine blood of patients with endometrial cancer.

Objectives: Exosomes - microvesicles which are secreted by living cells - can be produced from different cell types and detected in various body fluids. They are the carriers of intercellular information which regulate tumor microenvironment and are considered to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer cells can secrete more exosomes than healthy cells, and are expected to be potential tools for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Occult uterine leiomyosarcoma in women undergoing abdominal and minimally invasive surgeries for myomas.

Objectives: To estimate (i) the incidence of occult uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) in patients operated on for presumedmyomas, and (ii) the proportion of occult LMS to preoperatively diagnosed LMS in a tertiary center.

Material And Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective cohort study was performed. The electronicdatabase of 30,476 patients was searched for women who had undergone surgery due to presumed myomas (N = 2675) as well as those with uterine LMS recognized via histology (N = 10) between January 2010 and December 2016.

Immunoexpression of DNA fragmentation factor 40, DNA fragmentation factor 45, and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein in normal human endometrium and uterine myometrium depends on menstrual cycle phase and menopausal status.

Introduction: DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) are final executors of apoptosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a well-recognized apoptosis inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate DFF40, DFF45 and Bcl-2 immunoexpression in the normal human endometrium with respect to the glandular and stromal layer and in uterine myometrium.

Material And Methods: DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry in the endometrium and myometrium collected postmenopausally and premenopausally during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle.

Non-endometrioid and high-grade endometrioid endometrial cancers show DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (BCL2) underexpression, which predicts disease-free and overall survival, but not DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) underexpression.

Background: The expression of DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) in glands of the normal human endometrium is related to phases of the menstrual cycle and decreases after menopause, whereas the expression of DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) is stable. Moreover, DF45, BCL2 and DFF40 underexpression has been reported in numerous malignancies, including uterine leiomyosarcomas. In this study, we aimed to investigate DFF45, BCL2 and DFF40 expression in endometrioid and non-endometrioid types of endometrial cancers (ECs).

DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40/DFF45) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein are underexpressed in uterine leiomyosarcomas and may predict survival.

Objectives: DNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) are responsible for final DNA-laddering during apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is an apoptosis inhibitor. Our aim was to investigate the expression of DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 in uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS), leiomyomas (uLM), and the normal myometrium. Furthermore, the correlation between DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression and clinicopathological parameters in leiomyosarcomas was assessed.

Endometrial Polyps and Benign Endometrial Hyperplasia Have Increased Prevalence of DNA Fragmentation Factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) Together With the Antiapoptotic B-Cell Lymphoma (Bcl-2) Protein Compared With Normal Human Endometria.

DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) is a key executor of apoptosis. It localizes to the nucleus together with DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45), which acts as a DFF40 inhibitor and chaperone. B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) protein is a proven antiapoptotic factor present in the cytoplasm.