Incidence of Concurrent Cerebral Desaturation and Electroencephalographic Burst Suppression in Cardiac Surgery Patients.

Background: Increased intraoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) burst suppression is associated with postoperative delirium. Cerebral desaturation is considered as one of the factors associated with burst suppression. Our study investigates the association between cerebral desaturation and burst suppression by analyzing their concurrence.

METABOLIC AND BIOENERGETIC ALTERATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION SUSCEPTIBILITY IN SURVIVORS OF SEVERE TRAUMA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.

Background : Trauma and blood loss are frequently associated with organ failure, immune dysfunction, and a high risk of secondary bacterial lung infections. We aim to test if plasma metabolomic flux and monocyte bioenergetics are altered in association with trauma and related secondary infections. Methods : Plasma samples were collected from trauma patients at three time points: days 0, 3, and 7 postadmission.

Tau and Aβ42 in lavage fluid of pneumonia patients are associated with end-organ dysfunction: A prospective exploratory study.

Background: Bacterial pneumonia and sepsis are both common causes of end-organ dysfunction, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Pre-clinical data demonstrate that bacterial pneumonia and sepsis elicit the production of cytotoxic tau and amyloids from pulmonary endothelial cells, which cause lung and brain injury in naïve animal subjects, independent of the primary infection. The contribution of infection-elicited cytotoxic tau and amyloids to end-organ dysfunction has not been examined in the clinical setting.

Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies.

Physiological hemostasis is a balance between pro- and anticoagulant pathways, and in sepsis, this equilibrium is disturbed, resulting in systemic thrombin generation, impaired anticoagulant activity, and suppression of fibrinolysis, a condition termed sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC). SIC is a common complication, being present in 24% of patients with sepsis and 66% of patients with septic shock, and is often associated with poor clinical outcomes and high mortality. 1 , 2 Recent preclinical and clinical studies have generated new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of SIC.

Acute kidney disease beyond day 7 after major surgery: a secondary analysis of the EPIS-AKI trial.

Purpose: Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a significant health care burden worldwide. However, little is known about this complication after major surgery.

Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study among patients undergoing major surgery.

Volatile anesthetic and outcome in acute trauma care: planned secondary analysis of the PROPPR study.

Background: This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the PROPPR study describes volatile anesthetic use in severely injured trauma patients undergoing anesthesia.

Methods: After exclusions, 402 subjects were reviewed of the original 680, and 292 had complete data available for analysis. Anesthesia was not protocolized, so analysis was of contemporary practice.

Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease.

Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes.

PFKFB3 Inhibits Fructose Metabolism in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells contribute to the integrity of the lung gas exchange interface, and they are highly glycolytic. Although glucose and fructose represent discrete substrates available for glycolysis, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells prefer glucose over fructose, and the mechanisms involved in this selection are unknown. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is an important glycolytic enzyme that drives glycolytic flux against negative feedback and links glycolytic and fructolytic pathways.

Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: Results from the postadmission critical care research gap Delphi survey.

Introduction: The 2016 National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine report included a proposal to establish a National Trauma Research Action Plan. In response, the Department of Defense funded the Coalition for National Trauma Research to generate a comprehensive research agenda spanning the continuum of trauma and burn care from prehospital care to rehabilitation as part of an overall strategy to achieve zero preventable deaths and disability after injury. The Postadmission Critical Care Research panel was 1 of 11 panels constituted to develop this research agenda.

The Editors-in-Chief of Anesthesia & Analgesia Over 100 Years: Creating the Voice of the Global Anesthesiology Community.

The year 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of Anesthesia & Analgesia, the longest-running anesthesiology publication in the world. Founded in 1922 as Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia by the visionary and charismatic Francis McMechan, MD, the journal served as a reliable mirror for the key scientific and political issues facing the nascent specialty of anesthesiology. Under the leadership of 6 subsequent Editors-in-Chief over the ensuing century-Howard Dittrick, MD; T.

The Pathogenesis of Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury Depends on Renal Neutrophil Recruitment Whereas Sepsis-Induced AKI Does Not.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be induced by different causes, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and sepsis, which represent the most common reasons for AKI in hospitalized patients. AKI is defined by reduced urine production and/or increased plasma creatinine. However, this definition does not address the molecular mechanisms of different AKI entities, and uncertainties remain regarding distinct pathophysiological events causing kidney injury in the first place.

Holistic approach to visualize and quantify collagen organization at macro, micro, and nano-scale.

Background: There is scarcity of imaging and image processing techniques for accurate discrimination and quantitation of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), primarily collagen. The aim of this study was to develop and demonstrate a holistic imaging and image processing approach to visualize and quantify collagen remodeling at the macro-, micro- and nano-scale using histochemical imaging, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), respectively.

Material And Methods: For proof-of-concept, a commercial anti-aging product known to induce collagen neo-synthesis and re-organization was tested ex vivo on human skin biopsies from two aged females.

ExoU Induces Lung Endothelial Cell Damage and Activates Pro-Inflammatory Caspase-1 during Infection.

The Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen utilizes a type III secretion system to inject exoenzyme effectors into a target host cell. Of the four best-studied exoenzymes, ExoU causes rapid cell damage and death. ExoU is a phospholipase A (PLA) that hydrolyses host cell membranes, and strains expressing ExoU are associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients with pneumonia.

Cytotoxic tau released from lung microvascular endothelial cells upon infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa promotes neuronal tauopathy.

Patients who recover from nosocomial pneumonia oftentimes exhibit long-lasting cognitive impairment comparable with what is observed in Alzheimer's disease patients. We previously hypothesized that the lung endothelium contributes to infection-related neurocognitive dysfunction, because bacteria-exposed endothelial cells release a form(s) of cytotoxic tau that is sufficient to impair long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. However, the full-length lung and endothelial tau isoform(s) have yet to be resolved and it remains unclear whether the infection-induced endothelial cytotoxic tau triggers neuronal tau aggregation.

The Role of Virulence Factors in Cytoskeletal Dysregulation and Lung Barrier Dysfunction.

is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. accounts for up to 20% of all cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, with an attributable mortality rate of ~30-40%. The poor clinical outcome of -induced pneumonia is ascribed to its ability to disrupt lung barrier integrity, leading to the development of lung edema and bacteremia.

Pneumonia initiates a tauopathy.

Pneumonia causes short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction in a high proportion of patients, although the mechanism(s) responsible for this effect are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pneumonia-elicited cytotoxic amyloid and tau variants: (1) are present in the circulation during infection; (2) lead to impairment of long-term potentiation; and, (3) inhibit long-term potentiation dependent upon tau. Cytotoxic amyloid and tau species were recovered from the blood and the hippocampus following pneumonia, and they were present in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation oxygenators of patients with pneumonia, especially in those who died.

Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Hypoxia Promote Rat Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Survival during Infection.

Low tidal volume ventilation protects the lung in mechanically ventilated patients. The impact of the accompanying permissive hypoxemia and hypercapnia on endothelial cell recovery from injury is poorly understood. CA (carbonic anhydrase) IX is expressed in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), where it contributes to CO and pH homeostasis, bioenergetics, and angiogenesis.

NETosis in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following cutaneous chemical burns.

Despite the high morbidity and mortality among patients with extensive cutaneous burns in the intensive care unit due to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, effective therapeutics remain to be determined. This is primarily because the mechanisms leading to acute lung injury (ALI) in these patients remain unknown. We test the hypothesis that cutaneous chemical burns promote lung injury due to systemic activation of neutrophils, in particular, toxicity mediated by the deployment of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Evaluation of the GENE-UP® EHEC Detection Method for the Detection of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli in Select Foods: Collaborative Study: First Action Method 2020.06.

Background: The GENE-UP® EHEC assay (Performance Tested MethodSM 121806) is a real-time PCR molecular detection method that utilizes fluorescence resonance energy transfer proprietary hybridization probes for the rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in select foods.

Objective: The purpose of this validation was to evaluate the method's interlaboratory performance and submit the results to AOAC INTERNATIONAL for adoption as a First Action Official Method of AnalysisSM for the detection of EHEC in select foods.

Method: The GENE-UP method was evaluated in a multi-laboratory study as part of the MicroVal VALIDATION certification process using unpaired test portions for one food matrix, raw ground beef (85% lean).