The Reproductive Impact of Eating Disorders in Adolescents.

Eating disorders are common, chronic illnesses that frequently arise during adolescence. Because of the impact on nutrition, individuals with eating disorders have significant health consequences, including effects on reproductive health. Adolescent women with eating disorders frequently have menstrual irregularities, though the causes of these abnormalities are complex and vary depending on the type of eating disorder.

Kinetics of the parallel-consecutive bimolecular reaction: a solution to the inverse problem involving the Lambert-W function.

For the parallel-consecutive bimolecular reaction mechanism, a solution to the inverse kinetic problem can be approached directly using a characteristic equation specified in terms of the Lambert-W function, similar to the logarithmic and reciprocal plot-treatments for simple first and second order reaction kinetics, respectively.

Case series: gaming vs. eating-comorbidity of ARFID and IGD.

This case series includes innovative information regarding the relationship between Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and the recently formulated diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder. The series illustrates two clinical cases in which both disorders were simultaneously recognized during diagnosis and treatment. Both disorders were utilized by patients as maladaptive coping strategies in efforts to avoid emotional distress and are potential risk factors that interfere with physical and mental health functioning.

Trends and Substance Use Associations With E-Cigarette Use in US Adolescents.

Concerns exist that e-cigarette use may introduce adolescents to drugs. This study explores trends and associations of inhaled tobacco use with drug use. We performed a secondary data analysis on the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey examining the inhaled tobacco and drug use patterns among US teens.

Total synthesis of (-)-aritasone via the ultra-high pressure hetero-Diels-Alder dimerisation of (-)-pinocarvone.

This paper describes a total synthesis of the terpene-derived natural product aritasone via the hetero-Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cyclodimerisation of pinocarvove, which represents the proposed biosyntheic route. The hetero-Diels-Alder dimerisation of pinocarvone did not proceed under standard conditions, and ultra-high pressure (19.9 kbar) was required.

Spectroscopic investigation, vibrational assignments, HOMO-LUMO, NBO, MEP analysis and molecular docking studies of oxoaporphine alkaloid liriodenine.

A combined experimental and theoretical DFT study of the structural, vibrational and electronic properties of liriodenine is presented using B3LYP function with 6-311G (2d, p) basis set. The theoretical geometry optimization data were compared with the X-ray data for a similar structure in the associated literature, showing similar values. In addition, natural bond orbitals (NBOs), HOMO-LUMO energy gap, mapped molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface calculation, first and second order hyperpolarizabilities were also performed with the same calculation level.

Embodied experiences of prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormality and pregnancy termination.

Pregnant women routinely undergo prenatal screening in Australia and this has become a common experience of motherhood. When prenatal screening or prenatal testing results in diagnosis of a serious fetal abnormality, women are presented with a decision to continue or terminate their pregnancy. Few recent studies have explored women's psychosocial experience of prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy termination for fetal abnormality, and within this small group of studies it is rare for research to consider the embodied aspect of women's experiences.

Experiences of prenatal diagnosis and decision-making about termination of pregnancy: A qualitative study.

Background: Advances in genetic technologies and ultrasound screening techniques have increased the ability to predict and diagnose congenital anomalies during pregnancy. As a result more prospective parents than ever before will receive a prenatal diagnosis of a fetal abnormality. Little is known about how Australian women and men experience receiving a prenatal diagnosis and how they make their decision about whether or not to continue the pregnancy.

A theoretical and practical evaluation of struvite control and recovery.

Struvite accumulation is a costly problem in many water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) that use anaerobic digestion, causing significant labor and equipment costs and potentially impacting facility performance and permit compliance. A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate possible solutions to struvite control at two similar Miami-Dade County, Florida, WRRFs. Alternatives analyzed included periodic cleaning and repair of damaged piping and equipment; optimum ferric salt dosing, use of in situ scaling coupons; and engineered struvite precipitation.

Molecular characteristics and differences of effluent organic matter from parallel activated sludge and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes.

A direct comparison between parallel activated sludge and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes was performed in this study because both treatments received the same primary effluent, although differences may still remain due to different return flow rates. Modern ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the complexity of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and to evaluate both processes in their abilities to change the EfOM molecular composition. At different stages during the two processes a direct comparison of the performance and changes in molecular composition of the IFAS with those of the activated sludge was undertaken.

Towards more accurate design and specification of aeration systems using on-site column testing.

Fine-pore diffuser systems are selected for their potential energy efficiency, and during design their propensity for fouling and for an increase in pressure drop with time must be considered. Both fouling and pressure-drop increase cause an increase in blower power requirements. This paper presents a new approach to improve this design procedure, without altering the technical structure of the classical approach.

Oxygen transfer and uptake, nutrient removal, and energy footprint of parallel full-scale IFAS and activated sludge processes.

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes are becoming more popular for both secondary and sidestream treatment in wastewater facilities. These processes are a combination of biofilm reactors and activated sludge processes, achieved by introducing and retaining biofilm carrier media in activated sludge reactors. A full-scale train of three IFAS reactors equipped with AnoxKaldnes media and coarse-bubble aeration was tested using off-gas analysis.

Fate of organic nitrogen in four biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants.

This study investigated the fate of nitrogen species, especially organic nitrogen, along the mainstream wastewater treatment processes in four biological nutrient removal (BNR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It was found that the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) fraction was as high as 47% of soluble nitrogen (SN) in the low-SN effluent plant, which limited the plant's capability to remove nitrogen to very low levels. A lower DON fraction was observed in high-SN effluent plants.

Organic nitrogen transformations in a 4-stage Bardenpho nitrogen removal plant and bioavailability/biodegradability of effluent DON.

Nitrogen species, specifically, the fate and occurrence of organic nitrogen (ON) within a 4-stage Bardenpho process bioreactor producing low total nitrogen (TN) effluents were investigated in this study. The results showed release of ON in primary anoxic zone and no ON release in the first aerobic zone of the process. The research included investigation of biodegradability/bioavailability of wastewater-derived effluent dissolved ON (DON).

Kinetic parameters for modeling two-step nitrification and denitrification: a case study.

The objective of this paper is to identify the importance of kinetic parameters relating to the utilization of nitrite when nitrification and denitrification are modeled as two-step processes. This is an important issue relating to modeling for design and in operation of plants achieving low effluent TN concentrations. A case study using a calibrated model of a full scale plant achieving low effluent TN is used to demonstrate the impacts of key modeling parameters on effluent predictions.

Welfare benefit promotion within a district general hospital rheumatology centre: a joint project with the local Citizens Advice Bureau.

Objectives: The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), used in arthritis provides an overall disability index and has been used previously to indicate those patients with arthritis who may be eligible for welfare benefits such as Attendance Allowance (AA) or Disability Living Allowance (DLA) (Langley et al., 2004, Memel et al., 2002, Powell et al.

Mechanism of effective nocardioform foam control measures for non-selector activated sludge systems.

Solids retention time (SRT), biological scum trapping and recycle, and the dynamic equilibrium between Nocardioform populations in the foam and the mixed liquor are the controlling factors in activated sludge foaming events caused by Nocardioform bacteria. For the operating modes described in this paper, a cured mixed liquor foaming condition (filament counts of approximately 10(5) intersections/g volatile suspended solids) was only achieved when SRT control, selective wasting, and polymer addition were in effect. Solids retention time control, with the SRT remaining below 1.

A survey of filamentous organisms at the Deer Island treatment plant.

The Deer Island Treatment Plant (DITP) treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, has a peak flow capacity of up to 1270 million gallons per day (MGD) (3342 m3 min(-1). The DITP contains a Pilot Plant, which consists of two identical pure oxygen activated sludge treatment trains, each with a maximum capacity of 1 MGD (2.63 m3 min(-1)) to simulate the maximum flow of the full size facility.

Does active treatment of rheumatoid arthritis limit disease-associated bone loss?

Objective: Generalized bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is multi-factorial, with the inflammatory disease itself thought to contribute to bone loss. To study the extent to which control of disease activity affects bone turnover in RA and whether treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) reduces bone turnover and loss of bone mass, we measured bone density and biochemical markers of bone resorption in a group of patients with active RA starting on DMARDS.

Methods: Patients with active RA were enrolled on starting a new DMARD.

Particle effects on ultraviolet disinfection of coliform bacteria in recycled water.

Pilot- and bench-scale coliform inactivation tests with UV irradiation were used to show how suspended solids remaining in filtered secondary effluent affect the efficiency of the UV disinfection process. Observed kinetic inactivation rates decreased with increasing suspended particle sizes of 7 microm or larger present in tertiary effluent. First-order inactivation rates estimated from collimated beam dose-response curves for discrete ranges of UV doses were substantially different, which should caution researchers not to compare inactivation data obtained with largely dissimilar UV doses or suspended particle distributions.

Hypocalcemic and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced prostatic cancer.

PTH and ionized calcium levels were measured in 131 patients with advanced prostate cancer, all of whom had received at least first-line hormone therapy. Patients were classified into those in remission, those with stable disease, or those with progressive disease according to their prostate-specific antigen response and their clinical status. Thirty-four percent of all patients had PTH levels above the upper level of normal for controls of similar age (7.

A pooled data analysis on the use of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy for the prevention and treatment of corticosteroid induced bone loss.

Objective: To conduct a pooled data analysis in a group of patients defined by sex, menopausal status, and underlying disease in order to examine the effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate in the prevention and treatment of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis.

Methods: We selected 5 randomized, placebo controlled studies that examined the efficacy of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy in which the raw data were available for analysis. Three were prevention studies and 2 treatment studies.

Activity of exemestane in metastatic breast cancer after failure of nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors: a phase II trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of a new steroidal aromatase inactivator, exemestane, in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer who had progressive disease (PD) after treatment with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor.

Patients And Methods: In this phase II trial, eligible patients were treated with exemestane 25 mg daily (n = 241) followed, at the time PD was determined, by exemestane 100 mg daily (n = 58).

Results: On the basis of the intent-to-treat analysis by independent review, exemestane 25 mg produced objective responses in 6.

Non-invasive assessment of bone density in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Background/aims: Low bone mass is an important complication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), resulting in an increased risk of fractures and reduced mobility. In the present study, we sought to determine the frequency of low bone mass in PBC, and its relationship to disease severity and non-invasive markers of bone turnover.

Methods: In 36 women with PBC, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip was assessed by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry.