Multinucleated stromal giant cells of the colonic lamina propria in ulcerative colitis.

Multinucleated stromal giant cells were seen in the colonic mucosa in biopsy specimens from two patients with long-standing quiescent ulcerative colitis. Similar cells have been described at other sites associated with chronic inflammation, including the lower female genital tract, bladder and anus. The immunophenotype of the cells in the colonic mucosa suggested that they had originated from fibroblasts rather than histiocytes, in common with cells seen at other sites of inflammation.

An empirical and meta-analytic evaluation of the phoneme identification task.

Recent studies that used Ganong's (1980) identification task have produced discrepant results. The present study sought to resolve these discrepancies by examining the influence of methodological factors on phoneme identification and differences in data analysis techniques. Three factors were examined across 2 experiments: position of target phoneme, phonetic contrast, and 2 task conditions in which stimulus quality (S/N ratio) or cognitive load varied.

The nature of atypical multinucleated stromal cells: a study of 37 cases from different sites.

The morphology, immunophenotype and ultrastructure of atypical multinucleated stromal cells in 37 specimens from different anatomical sites were compared. Overall, cellular morphology was similar between sites but nuclear features, immunophenotype and ultrastructure varied and reflected that of adjacent normal mononuclear stromal cells. It is concluded that the atypical multinucleated stromal cells represent a reactive change in the indigenous stromal cells.

EEG features of cortical dysplasia in children.

Two distinctive electroencephalographic abnormalities, very high amplitude rhythmic activity or prominent fast activity, have been described in children with extensive cortical dysplasia. Cases with cortical dysplasia identified on computerised tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, or a characteristic EEG were selected. One hundred and forty electroencephalograms from 94 cases were reviewed and related to the imaging findings.

Early detection of abnormalities in partial epilepsy using magnetic resonance.

The incidence of brain abnormalities determined by magnetic resonance in 30 consecutive children presenting with intractable complex partial seizures is reported. Images were optimised to visualise the hippocampus and cortical grey matter. Abnormalities of the hippocampus or temporal lobe were seen in all 19 children with clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy and in six of the seven children with clinically unlocalised epilepsy.

Peripheral neuropathy and neuromuscular blockade presenting as prolonged respiratory paralysis following critical illness.

We report two patients who following critical illness presented with generalised paralysis associated with persistent failure to breathe. Both patients eventually recovered and were weaned from the ventilator. The cause of the paralysis was an unusual peripheral neuropathy in the first patient and persistent neuromuscular blockade secondary to vecuronium in the second.

Postexposure prophylaxis against experimental inhalation anthrax.

Inhalation anthrax is a rare disease that is almost invariably fatal. This study determined whether a prolonged course of postexposure antibiotics with or without vaccination would protect monkeys exposed to a lethal aerosol dose of Bacillus anthracis when the antibiotic was discontinued. Beginning 1 day after exposure, groups of 10 animals were given penicillin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, doxycycline plus vaccination, vaccination alone, or saline.

Auditory recency in immediate memory.

Six experiments investigated the locus of the recency effect in immediate serial recall. Previous research has shown much larger recency for speech as compared to non-speech sounds. We compared two hypotheses: (1) speech sounds are processed differently from non-speech sounds (e.

The role of spectral and dynamic cues in imagery for musical timbre.

The musical quality of timbre is based on both spectral and dynamic acoustic cues. Four 2-part experiments examined whether these properties are represented in the mental image of a musical timbre. Experiment 1 established that imagery occurs for timbre variations within a single musical instrument, using plucked and bowed tones from a cello.

The distribution of type IV collagen in invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The presence of type IV collagen at the tumour/stromal interface of invasive carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated in 60 cases. It was assessed semi-quantitatively according to its staining characteristics, and expressed as: thick, with or without minimal discontinuity; thin, with or without moderate discontinuity; fragmentary or absent. In each case the tumour type was identified, the differentiation, growth pattern and peritumoural inflammatory infiltrate was graded and lymph node status established.

Oligodendroglioma of the fourth ventricle with intracranial and spinal oligodendrogliomatosis: a case report.

We report a case of oligodendroglioma of the fourth ventricle complicated by disseminated intracranial and spinal oligodendrogliomatosis. This is further evidence that primary oligodendrogliomas arising in close proximity to the cerebrospinal pathway have a predilection for spontaneous dissemination. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus and myelopathy.

EEG findings in hypomelanosis of Ito.

The EEG findings in 15 children with Hypomelanosis of Ito have been reviewed and related to the clinical and CT scan data. Although no consistent electroclinical associations were found in the group as a whole, there was some association between the presence of abnormal rhythmic EEG activity and the radiological appearances of neuronal migration defects. In addition, the possibility is raised that there may be a distinctive sub-group of children with Ito's syndrome who present with an early onset of intractable seizures and who have a neuronal migration defect.

Rickets and osteomalacia are still around.

The terms rickets and osteomalacia describe gross, histologic, and radiologic abnormalities common to more than 50 diseases that vary in cause and clinical presentation. Rachitic and osteomalacic syndromes seen in current clinical practice usually are resistant to vitamin D forms and are most often caused by phosphate loss or 1,25(OH)2D deficiency, or both. Radiographic identification of rachitic or osteomalacic syndromes and accurate diagnosis of a particular cause is essential, as many patients' conditions can be improved or cured with proper therapy.

Ankle mortise stability in Weber C fractures: indications for syndesmotic fixation.

A Weber type C ankle fracture was sequentially reproduced in 12 cadaver lower extremities and an external rotation torque was applied at each interval. The fractures were then repaired in staged fashion and the rotational stability of the mortise evaluated. Maximum external rotation of the talus within the mortise averaged 7.

The use of rhythm in attending to speech.

Three experiments examined attentional allocation during speech processing to determine whether listeners capitalize on the rhythmic nature of speech and attend more closely to stressed than to unstressed syllables. Ss performed a phoneme monitoring task in which the target phoneme occurred on a syllable that was either predicted to be stressed or unstressed by the context preceding the target word. Stimuli were digitally edited to eliminate the local acoustic correlates of stress.

Imaging of the pelvis and hip.

Imaging is basic in the orthopedic evaluation of hip disorders. For optimal evaluation of these images, the orthopedic surgeon must not only correlate normal anatomy and pathology with radiographic findings, but must also be familiar with the newer modalities of CT, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound and the role and place of these studies in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders. This article correlates normal anatomy of the hip with these modalities and discusses the details of these techniques, particularly CT and MRI, that are pertinent to the orthopedic surgeon.

Imaging of the elbow with an emphasis on trauma.

This article provides a review of imaging of the elbow with an emphasis on trauma. The pertinent bone and soft-tissue anatomy of the elbow is discussed, with particular attention paid to the soft-tissue anatomy of imaging importance. The pediatric patient is considered and the basic radiographic examination is outlined.

Radiologic reporting of skeletal trauma.

The radiologist's report of skeletal trauma should include accurate, appropriate comments directed to the clinical objectives of the referring physician. An organization of these reports is suggested, addressing general and specific description of fractures with a discussion of pertinent clinical considerations.

The value of measuring saccadic eye movement in the investigation of non-compressive myelopathy.

Saccadic eye movement recording was performed in 53 patients with non-compressive myelopathy. Twenty one patients (40%) had subclinical abnormalities of saccadic movement, supporting a diagnosis of probable multiple sclerosis. When used in addition to the measurement of visual evoked potentials and brainstem auditory evoked responses, the detection of subclinical abnormalities increased from 40% to 57%.