Fatal neonatal listeriosis following L. monocytogenes horizontal transmission highlights neonatal susceptibility to orally acquired listeriosis.

We report a case of fulminant fatal neonatal listeriosis due to horizontal transmission of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in a neonatal double room. Genomic analyses reveal a close genetic relationship between clinical isolates, supporting cross-contamination. Oral inoculation experiments in adult and neonatal mice show that neonates are susceptible to a low Lm inoculum and that this susceptibility results from the immaturity of the neonatal gut microbiota.

Factors associated with delay in seeking healthcare for imported malaria: a retrospective study in a French hospital.

Background: Delayed treatment is associated with a higher risk of severe malaria. In malaria-endemic areas, the main factors associated with delay in seeking healthcare are low educational level and traditional beliefs. In imported malaria, determinants of delay in seeking healthcare are currently unknown.

Management of imported malaria in the emergency department: Adequacy compared to guidelines, and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Objectives: Adequacy of imported malaria management with respect to guidelines in emergency departments (ED) is low. We aimed to identify factors associated with this non-compliance, and a potential impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Patients And Methods: Patients presenting with imported malaria at the ED of the hospital of Melun (France), from January 1, 2017 to February 14, 2022 were retrospectively included.

Association of high SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia with diabetes and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

It has been suggested that during the period of respiratory worsening of severe COVID-19 patients, viral replication plays a less important role than inflammation. Using the droplet-based digital PCR (ddPCR) for precise quantification of plasma SARS-CoV-2 viral load (SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia), we investigated the relationship between plasma viral load, comorbidities, and mortality of 122 critically ill COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia was detected by ddPCR in 90 (74%) patients, ranging from 70 to 213,152 copies per mL.

Risk of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Acquisition in Patients with Declared -Lactam Allergy during Hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2007-2018).

Introduction: The risk of extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) bacterial acquisition in patients with -lactam allergy has been poorly investigated. In a previous study conducted over a 6-year long period (2007-2012), we found that patients with declared -lactam allergy had a higher risk of ESBL bacterial carriage at admission in intensive care unit (ICU), but they had not a higher risk of ESBL bacterial acquisition. We present the final results of the study which was eventually conducted over a 12-year long period (2007-2018).

Bacterial Epidemiology of Surgical Site Infections after Open Fractures of the Lower Limb: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Open lower limb fractures are common injuries, and the occurrence of infectious complications after open fractures is a usual problem. The rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) and the nature and resistance of the germs responsible for SSIs remain poorly described. Our aim was to describe the bacterial epidemiology of SSIs after surgical management of an open lower limb fracture.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) inpatients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who developed VAP from March to May 2020 (VAP COVID-19). They were compared to non-COVID-19 patients who developed VAP from January 2011 to December 2019 (VAP NO COVID-19) and COVID-19 patients who did not develop VAP (NO VAP COVID-19).

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as de-escalation in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study subanalysis.

Purpose: This is a subanalysis of a previous study which compared the effectiveness of trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole (TMP-SMX) with all other regimens for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Aim of the current study was to focus on the effectiveness of a strategy based on TMP-SMX as de-escalation from β-lactam including regimens.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study including patients who were hospitalized for VAP from 2011 to 2019.

β-Lactam allergy and risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit: A cohort study.

Patients identified as allergic to β-lactams are frequently exposed to treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, the risk of carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates in this population has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with and without declared β-lactam allergy at admission.

False-positive of blood culture instrument: leukocytosis, overfilled vials or defective position?

Continuous monitoring of the performances of blood culture instrument can be based on the indicators proposed by the QUAMIC. Of these, the analytic performance indicator evaluates the rate of false-positive vials. False-positives vials can be reported by the device in case of leukocytosis or when vials are overfilled.

Trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole (TMP-SMX) for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A retrospective cohort study including patients with VAP from 2011 to 2017. Two groups were analysed: TMP-SMX group, including patients who had received TMP-SMX (as first-line and as de-escalation), and No-TMP-SMX group, including patients who had not received TMP-SMX treatment.

Impact of a multimodal strategy combining a new standard of care and restriction of carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins on antibiotic consumption and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a French intensive care unit.

This study aimed to assess whether post-prescription review and feedback (PPRF) of all antibiotics, with restriction of carbapenems, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs), along with a change in medical standard of care impacted antibiotic consumption and bacterial antimicrobial resistance in a French medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU). A 4-year before (2007-2010) and after (2011-2014) retrospective comparative study was performed. Antibiotic consumption was evaluated in defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days.

Dogs steal in the dark.

All current evidence of visual perspective taking in dogs can possibly be explained by dogs reacting to certain stimuli rather than understanding what others see. In the current study, we set up a situation in which contextual information and social cues are in conflict. A human always forbade the dog from taking a piece of food.

Domestic dogs conceal auditory but not visual information from others.

A number of studies have shown that dogs are sensitive to a human's perspective, but it remains unclear whether they use an egocentric strategy to assess what humans perceive. We investigated whether dogs know what a human can see and hear, even when the dogs themselves are unable to see the human. Dogs faced a task in which forbidden food was placed in a tunnel that they could retrieve by using their paw.

Clinical predictive values of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase carriage in patients admitted to medical wards.

We aimed to reassess, through clinical items, populations at risk for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage at admission to hospital and to assess the risk of further positive clinical culture of ESBL-E among carriers. We performed a 5-month cohort study in a medicine ward of a 500-bed university teaching hospital in the Parisian area of France. All admitted patients were prospectively enrolled for rectal swabbing and clinical data collection, including bacterial infection at admission and during stay.