Inflammation-attenuating effect of carbon dioxide versus room-air environment in a rat laparotomy model.

Background: The mechanism by which laparoscopic operations induce lower post-operative inflammatory response compared to open surgery was investigated with regard to the effect of the type of gas environment.

Methods: Rats were subjected to midline laparotomy at either CO (group CO) or room-air environment (group Air) or to anesthesia only (group Control) under atmospheric pressure conditions. At various timepoints after surgery (1, 3, 6, 24, or 48 h), the expression of inflammation biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and nuclear factor-κΒ (NFκΒ) were assessed immunohistochemically in tissue samples excised from the liver, intestine, and kidneys, accompanied by histopathologic analysis, and their levels were measured by ELISA in blood samples.

Advancements in the Management of Postoperative Air Leak following Thoracic Surgery: From Traditional Practices to Innovative Therapies.

Postoperative air leak (PAL) is a frequent and potentially serious complication following thoracic surgery, characterized by the persistent escape of air from the lung into the pleural space. It is associated with extended hospitalizations, increased morbidity, and elevated healthcare costs. Understanding the mechanisms, risk factors, and effective management strategies for PAL is crucial in improving surgical outcomes.

A comparison of surgical treatments for tertiary hyperparathyroidism. A systematic review.

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism develops in patients who have secondary hyperparathyroidism that persists despite successful kidney transplantation or in patients who are on chronic dialysis.

The role of prophylactic parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy for MTC in patients with MEN2A syndrome.

To define the role of prophylactic parathyroidectomy in the surgical treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN2A) syndrome through a literature review.

Correlation between gynecological tumors and atherosclerotic diseases.

Gynecological cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with malignancies of the ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina, and vulva making up 10-18% of all cancers diagnosed in women globally. Gynecological cancer and atherosclerosis are two of the most frequent medical entities that afflict women worldwide; thus the possible correlations between them ought to be explored. Vulvar, cervical, vaginal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers have been found to have common points with atherosclerosis regarding their pathogenesis and predisposing factors.

Eugenol Reduced ΜPO, CD45 and HMGB1 Expression and Attenuated the Expression of Leukocyte Infiltration Markers in the Intestinal Tissue in Biliopancreatic Duct Ligation-Induced Pancreatitis in Rats.

: Inflammation and dysregulation in the intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis (AP) trigger pancreatic lesions, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction. Eugenol, as the main component of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the potentially beneficial effect of eugenol in a rodent model of biliopancreatic duct ligation-induced AP.

Pedunculated Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: When in Doubt, Should We Cut It Out?

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign hepatic tumor and can rarely present as an exophytic solitary mass attached to the liver by a stalk. Most FNH cases are usually detected as incidental findings during surgery, imaging or physical examination and have a high female predominance. However, the pedunculated forms of FNH are particularly rare and commonly associated with severe complications and diagnostic challenges.

Small bowel obstruction due to congenital adhesion bands in the virgin abdomen. There is more than meets the eye.

Introduction: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) represents a common surgical emergency leading to increased hospital admissions. Most patients presenting with adhesive SBO have a history of previous abdominal surgery. Although bowel obstruction secondary to congenital adhesion bands is rare, it should not be ruled out even in patients with a "virgin abdomen".

Predictive Factors for Anastomotic Leakage Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?

Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains one of the most severe complications following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Indeed, leaks that may occur after any type of intestinal anastomosis are commonly associated with a higher reoperation rate and an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. At first, our review aims to identify specific preoperative, intraoperative and perioperative factors that eventually lead to the development of anastomotic dehiscence based on the current literature.

Effects of the Antioxidant Quercetin in an Experimental Model of Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Background and Objectives: Quercetin, a member of the flavanol family found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains has been found to have a wide range of biological effects on human physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin, when administered orally in the form of the water-soluble inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (Que-HP-β-CD), in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis in mice. Materials and Methods: Animals received either Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS), to induce colitis, + Que-HP-β-CD (Group A), DSS alone (Group B) or no intervention (control, Group C) for 7 days.

Stem Cell Therapies for Gastrointestinal Anastomotic Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Results from Animal Studies.

Background: Despite considerable progress in surgical techniques, anastomotic leak (AL) is a common complication after gastrointestinal surgery. Stem cells are a promising therapy to improve healing and have been used in gastrointestinal anastomoses. In this study, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapies in preventing ALs among animal studies.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extrahepatic Cancers: A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered the main driver and leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. The umbrella term NAFLD describes a range of liver conditions closely related to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia. At the same time, several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer, are considered to be common causes of death among patients with NAFLD.

Are patients willing to be informed on the risks and complications associated with the proposed therapy? A survey on informed consent.

Introduction: Informed consent is essential to the patient-physician relationship. The paternalistic old-time approach used by physicians to achieve the optimal management is changing today; detailed medical information must be disclosed to the patients regarding their health problem.

Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the value of informed consent in the context of medical practice as well as to emphasize its importance through the prism of human rights.

Gut Barrier Disruption Secondary to Radiofrequency-Assisted Liver Parenchyma Resection in a Porcine Model.

Background: Radiofrequency-assisted liver resection (RF-LR) techniques minimize intraoperative blood loss, while avoiding the Pringle maneuver. Both surgical excision and radiofrequency ablation of liver parenchyma compromise gut barrier function with subsequent bacterial translocation. The present study sought to investigate in a porcine model the impact of two RF-LR techniques on the integrity and inflammatory response of the gut barrier.

The Implication of Gastric Microbiome in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide. Helicobacter pylori have been documented as a risk factor for GC. The development of sequencing technology has broadened the knowledge of the gastric microbiome, which is essential in maintaining homeostasis.

Postoperative hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy (HypoAR) for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: despite the advances in preoperative hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, postoperative radiotherapy delivered with standard fractionation (46-50 Gy in 5 weeks) remains a standard adjuvant schedule. The role of hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy in a postoperative setting remains largely unexplored.

Methods: eighty-eight patients with rectal cancer infiltrating the rectal wall and/or having metastasis to the perirectal lymph nodes were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and, subsequently, with hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy.

Gut-Barrier Disruption After Laparoscopic Versus Open Major Liver Resection in the Rat.

Background: Major liver resection may compromise gut-barrier function, increasing the risk of postoperative infectious complications. The aim of the present experimental study was to compare the effect of the laparoscopic versus the open technique for major liver resection on integrity as well as inflammatory and immune responses of the gut barrier.

Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to open 70% hepatectomy (group H), laparoscopic 70% hepatectomy (group LH), sham operation (group S) or no intervention (group C).

Avoiding appendectomy with an ultrasound probe.

Acute appendicitis is common in patients with right lower quadrant pain and affects all gender and age groups. Because clinical diagnosis of patients with right lower quadrant pain remains a challenge to emergency physicians and surgeons, imaging is of major importance. Ultrasound has well-established direct and indirect signs for diagnosing acute appendicitis and revealing the presence of an appendicolith.

Differential effects of cisplatin combined with the flavonoid apigenin on HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines.

The potential of apigenin (APG) to enhance cisplatin's (CDDP) chemotherapeutic efficacy was investigated in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines. The presence of 20 μM APG sensitized all cell lines to CDDP treatment (degree of sensitization based on the MTT assay: HepG2>Huh7>Hep3B). As reflected by sister chromatid exchange levels, the degree of genetic instability as well as DNA repair by homologous recombination differed among cell lines.

Artificial Intelligence in Colorectal Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment. A New Era.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has permeated the medical field with great success. The widespread use of AI technology in diagnosing and treating several types of cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), is now attracting substantial attention. CRC, which represents the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy in both men and women, is considered a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.

The positive effect of eugenol on acute pancreatic tissue injury: a rat experimental model.

Introduction: we present a rat experimental model used to evaluate the possible reduction in the extent of pancreatic tissue injury in acute pancreatitis cases, after administration of eugenol.

Methods: one hundred and twenty Wistar rats were used, which were randomly assigned in 3 groups: sham (n=20), control (n=50) and eugenol (n=50). Acute pancreatitis was induced by biliopancreatic ligation in the control and eugenol groups, but not in the Sham group.

Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: the tip of an iceberg.

Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is a rare palpable umbilical cutaneous lesion as a result of an advanced intra-abdominal and/or pelvic malignancy. It may be the initial clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy, originating mainly from the gastro-digestive or genito-urinary tract. We present here a rare case of a 67-year-old woman with a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule.