Massive pleural effusion due to IgG-Kappa subtype multiple myeloma: A case report.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cell origin. Incidence of pleural effusion in multiple myeloma patients is approximately 6%. Myelomatous pleural effusions (MPE) are rare and occur in less than 1% of all MM cases.

Perioperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To determine if age should be considered a relative contraindication to surgery for safety reasons.

Methods: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients who underwent nephrectomy from January 2007 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped into age<65 and age≥65 years.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression Associated with a High Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Effective treatments for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still lacking. There are promising results of checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) activities in early phase trials. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 and its relation to possible treatments for CCA.