Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in dermatology: Challenge and promise.

Since their discovery it has become clear that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the genetic regulation of the lipid metabolism and energy homoeostasis. Subsequently, accumulating evidence suggests a role of PPARs in genomic pathways including the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and differentiation. These findings indicate that PPARs and PPAR agonists play an important role in inflammatory responses and tumor promotion.

Activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR)- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-signaling pathways through 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in melanoma cell lines and other skin-derived cell lines.

We have investigated expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)alpha, delta, gamma in primary cultured normal melanocytes (NHM), melanoma cell lines (MeWo, SK-Mel-5, SK-Mel-25, SK-Mel-28), a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCL-1) and an immortalized sebocyte cell line (SZ95). LNCaP prostate cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells and embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) were used as controls. VDR and PPAR mRNA were detected, quantitated and compared in these cell lines using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR).

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathways in melanoma cells: promising new therapeutic targets?

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathways regulate a multitude of genes that are of importance for a multitude of cellular functions including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, immune responses and apoptosis. Ligands and other agents influencing the PPAR and VDR signaling pathways have been shown to reveal chemopreventive potential by mediating tumor suppressive activities in a variety of human cancers. Use of these compounds may represent a potential novel strategy to prevent melanoma pathogenesis and to inhibit melanoma progression.

Cross-talk between vitamin D receptor (VDR)- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-signaling in melanoma cells.

The expression and signaling of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, delta, gamma was investigated in the melanoma cell line MeWo. Using real-time PCR, the mRNA of the nuclear receptors (NR) was detected. The strongest expression was found for the VDR, approximately 3-fold higher compared to the expression of PPARalpha or PPARdelta, and the weakest expression was for PPARgamma.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the human skin: importance of PPARs in skin physiology and dermatologic diseases.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. More recently, PPARs and corresponding ligands have been shown in skin and other organs to regulate important cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. These new functions identify PPARs and corresponding ligands as potential targets for the treatment of various skin diseases and other disorders.