The dose of the normal saline pre-infusion and other risk factors for amphotericin B deoxycholate-associated acute kidney injury.

Background: Conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) is the preferred amphotericin B formulation in countries with limited resources despite its nephrotoxicity. Normal saline pre-infusion is a recommended measure to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving AmBd.

Objectives: To examine the effect of different normal saline solution (NSS) pre-infusion doses, and other potential risk factors, on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with invasive fungal infection receiving AmBd.

Effect of canagliflozin in non-diabetic obese patients with albuminuria: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) has been shown to improve renal outcomes in both diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. However, the effect of SGLT2i on renal outcomes in patients with non-diabetic obesity is still not established.

Materials And Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we assigned non-diabetic patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m, persistent 24-hour urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 10 mg/gCr, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.

The impacts of hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizers on laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients with renal anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Renal anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poor outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer, which induces endogenous erythropoietin synthesis and enhances iron mobilization, is a novel treatment for anemia in CKD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effect of HIF stabilizers in anemic CKD patients.

Administration in 5/6 Nephrectomized Mice Enhanced Fibrosis in Internal Organs: An Impact of Lipopolysaccharide and (1→3)-β-D-Glucan from Leaky Gut.

Uremic toxins and gut dysbiosis in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) can induce gut leakage, causing the translocation of gut microbial molecules into the systemic circulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) are the major gut microbial molecules of Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, respectively, and can induce inflammation in several organs. Here, the fibrosis in the kidney, liver, and heart was investigated in oral -administered 5/6 nephrectomized (-5/6 Nx) mice.

Metabolic effects of kidney donation: A Bayesian analysis of matched cohorts.

The kidney is a notable site of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. Loss of a kidney after kidney donation might, therefore, affect the glucose and lipid metabolism of the donors. This matched cohort study investigated the effect of nephrectomy on glucose and lipid metabolisms using Bayesian hypothesis testing.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Manifests with Acute Severe Hypernatremia during Hospitalization.

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by a deficiency in arginine vasopressin (AVP), an antidiuretic hormone leading to excessive free water loss in the urine and hypernatremia. Central DI can be the first presentation of several occult diseases. However, patients with central DI who have functioning thirst mechanisms and access to water may initially exhibit normal sodium levels.

Early switching of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV-infected patients with TDF-induced nephrotoxicity: a prospective study.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) can induce proximal renal tubulopathy (PRT) and necessitate changes in treatment regimen. This prospective study aimed to compare tubular function recovery following early switching versus late switching of TDF in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with TDF-induced PRT. For this prospective study, conducted during 2017-2019, we enrolled HIV-1-infected, virologically suppressed adults undergoing TDF-containing combination antiretroviral therapy.

Hydrodynamic model for renal microvascular filtration: Effects of physiological and hemodynamic changes on glomerular size-selectivity.

Objective: The first step in renal urine formation is ultrafiltration across the glomerular barrier. The change in its nanostructure has been associated with nephrotic syndromes. Effects of physiological and hemodynamic factor alterations associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) on glomerular permselectivity are examined through a mathematical model employing low-Reynolds-number hydrodynamics and hindered transport theory.

Uremia-Induced Gut Barrier Defect in 5/6 Nephrectomized Mice Is Worsened by Administration through a Synergy of Uremic Toxin, Lipopolysaccharide, and (1➔3)-β-D-Glucan, but Is Attenuated by L34.

A chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes uremic toxin accumulation and gut dysbiosis, which further induces gut leakage and worsening CKD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria and (1➔3)-β-D-glucan (BG) of fungi are the two most abundant gut microbial molecules. Due to limited data on the impact of intestinal fungi in CKD mouse models, the influences of gut fungi and L34 (L34) on CKD were investigated using oral -administered 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) mice.

Severe hyponatremia as the presenting manifestation of primary empty sella syndrome.

Severe hyponatremia is associated with neurological impairment and mortality. Furthermore, severe hyponatremia can be the first presentation of several diseases. Therefore, an appropriate investigation for the underlying causes of hyponatremia apart from the proper correction of sodium levels, might lead to a diagnosis of occult diseases.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuates chronic kidney disease progression in a 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model through the excretion of anti-inflammatory molecules.

Background: Although pathogenic gut microbiota causes gut leakage, increases translocation of uremic toxins into circulation and accelerates CKD progression, the local strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 might attenuate gut leakage. We explored the effects of L34 on kidney fibrosis and levels of gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUTs) in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) mice.

Methods: At 6 weeks post-5/6Nx in mice, either L34 (1 × 106 CFU) or phosphate buffer solution (as 5/6Nx control) was fed daily for 14 weeks.

Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Lowering Effect of Sevelamer in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Hyperphosphatemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

P-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate are strongly associated with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effects between sevelamer and calcium carbonate on protein-bound uremic toxins in pre-dialysis CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia. Forty pre-dialysis CKD patients with persistent hyperphosphatemia were randomly assigned to receive either 2400 mg of sevelamer daily or 1500 mg of calcium carbonate daily for 24 weeks.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Comparative Efficacy between Sodium Bicarbonate and Heparin as A Locking Solution for Tunneled Central Venous Catheters Among Patients Requiring Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Background: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is one of the promising solutions that has good safety profile and theoretical advantages regarding antimicrobial and antithrombotic properties but there are still limited reports.

Objective: To compare the efficacy in lowering rate of catheter loss due to catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) or catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) between sodium bicarbonate and heparin lock in prevalent chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Design: A multicenter, randomized, open-label study.

The role of once-weekly online hemodiafiltration with low protein diet for initiation of renal replacement therapy: A case series.

Incremental hemodialysis (HD) has become an exciting approach according to the recognition of the importance of preserving residual kidney function (RKF). However, not all incident HD patients are suitable for this approach, particularly once-weekly HD. This is the first study which reported the effectiveness of once-weekly online-hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) plus low protein diet (LPD) in incident HD patients.

The impact of CASR A990G polymorphism in response to cinacalcet treatment in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of calcium sensing receptor (CASR) A990G genetic polymorphism on parathyroid hormone (PTH) lowering response to cinacalcet treatment when controlling for significant influencing clinical factors. This retrospective study was conducted on 135 Thai hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). CASR A990G genotypes were determined.

Factors Associated with the Incidence and Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) after 126-million Cases: A Meta-analysis.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the current global incidence and mortality of COVID-19 and also explored the associated factors including geographic variations, transmission scenarios, country economic status, and healthcare performance.

Methods: The search was conducted in online databases based on reports from national authorities by March 28, 2021. Random-effects model meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were used to generate summary estimates and explored sources of heterogeneity.

Hypokalemia in peritoneal dialysis patients in Thailand: the pivotal role of low potassium intake.

Objective: Hypokalemia is highly prevalent in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients worldwide, particularly in Thailand. This study aims to investigate the major determinants of hypokalemia in Thai PD patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in chronic PD patients at 4 PD centers in Bangkok, Thailand.

The failure of glomerular filtration rate estimating equations among obese population.

Background: Obesity is a major public health with increasing numbers of obese individuals are at risk for kidney disease. However, the validity of serum creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations in obese population is yet to be determined.

Methods: We evaluated the performance of the reexpressed Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), reexpressed MDRD with Thai racial factor, Thai estimated GFR (eGFR) as well as Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations among obese patients, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 with the reference measured GFR (mGFR) determined by 99mTc-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) plasma clearance method.

Promising effect of in-situ lyticase enzyme therapy on peritoneal dialysis catheter obstruction from fungal biofilm: A case report.

We reported the first clinical use of lyticase enzyme in salvaging the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter obstruction from fungal biofilm during the COVID-19 pandemic era with an impressive result in PD patient presenting with fungal peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure. The organism species was disclosed from PD effluent and catheter cultures. Adjuvant treatment with in-situ lyticase may be considered for catheter salvage therapy if the catheter could not promptly removed in time.

Effect of Maintenance Intravenous Iron Treatment on Erythropoietin Dose in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is no consensus on intravenous (IV) iron supplement dose, schedule, and serum ferritin target in functional iron deficiency anemia to maintain optimum target levels of iron stores by several guidelines.

Objective: To examine the effect of IV iron supplementation to different targets of serum ferritin on erythropoietin dose and inflammatory markers in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients with functional iron deficiency anemia.

Design: A multicenter, randomized, open-label study.

Pleiotropic effects of antidiabetic agents on renal and cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the pleiotropic effects of all available antidiabetic agents except insulin for type 2 diabetes on renal and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database to identify randomized-controlled trials which compared the effectiveness between all antidiabetic agents apart from insulin regarding all aspects of renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Random effect model was utilized to compute for hazard ratio.