Technical Feasibility and Outcome of Cryoablation of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and imaging outcome of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) in children using percutaneous cryoablation as the sole treatment.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 7 children with a mean age of 8.7 years (range, 3.

Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in lung cancer.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a complex role in lung cancer pathophysiology, initially acting as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting early-stage tumor growth. However, its role evolves in the advanced stages of the disease, where it contributes to tumor progression not by directly promoting cell proliferation but by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and creating a conducive tumor microenvironment. While EMT is typically associated with enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities rather than proliferation per se, TGF-β's influence on this process facilitates the complex dynamics of tumor metastasis.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of paediatric appendicular skeletal fractures: performance and limitations for common fracture types and locations.

Background: Research into artificial intelligence (AI)-based fracture detection in children is scarce and has disregarded the detection of indirect fracture signs and dislocations.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of an existing AI-tool for the detection of fractures, indirect fracture signs, and dislocations.

Materials And Methods: An AI software, BoneView (Gleamer, Paris, France), was assessed for diagnostic accuracy of fracture detection using paediatric radiology consensus diagnoses as reference.

Automated review of patient position in DIBH breast hybrid IMRT with EPID images.

Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) is a respiratory-gating technique adopted in radiation therapy to lower cardiac irradiation. When performing DIBH treatments, it is important to have a monitoring system to ensure the patient's breath hold level is stable and reproducible at each fraction. In this retrospective study, we developed a system capable of monitoring DIBH breast treatments by utilizing cine EPID images taken during treatment.

Review and Analysis of Tumour Detection and Image Quality Analysis in Experimental Breast Microwave Sensing.

This review evaluates the methods used for image quality analysis and tumour detection in experimental breast microwave sensing (BMS), a developing technology being investigated for breast cancer detection. This article examines the methods used for image quality analysis and the estimated diagnostic performance of BMS for image-based and machine-learning tumour detection approaches. The majority of image analysis performed in BMS has been qualitative and existing quantitative image quality metrics aim to describe image contrast-other aspects of image quality have not been addressed.

An Optimization-Based Approach to Radar Image Reconstruction in Breast Microwave Sensing.

Breast microwave sensing (BMS) has been studied as a potential technique for cancer detection due to the observed microwave properties of malignant and healthy breast tissues. This work presents a novel radar-based image reconstruction algorithm for use in BMS that reframes the radar image reconstruction process as an optimization problem. A gradient descent optimizer was used to create an optimization-based radar reconstruction (ORR) algorithm.

Ultra-low-dose lung multidetector computed tomography in children - Approaching 0.2 millisievert.

Purpose: To compare objective and subjective parameters in image quality and radiation dose of two MDCTs (helical 64 detector CT vs. axial 256 detector CT) in paediatric lung CT.

Methods: Radiation dose and image quality were compared between non-enhanced lung CT from a helical 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT 1) and a 256-slice scanner (MDCT 2) with axial wide-cone acquisition and using deep learning image reconstruction.

4D in vivo dose verification for real-time tumor tracking treatments using EPID dosimetry.

The use of sophisticated techniques such as gating and tracking treatments requires additional quality assurance to mitigate increased patient risks. To address this need, we have developed and validated an in vivo method of dose delivery verification for real-time aperture tracking techniques, using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based, on-treatment patient dose reconstruction and a dynamic anthropomorphic phantom. Using 4DCT scan of the phantom, ten individual treatment plans were created, 1 for each of the 10 separate phases of the respiratory cycle.

The Application of an Iterative Structure to the Delay-and-Sum and the Delay-Multiply-and-Sum Beamformers in Breast Microwave Imaging.

Breast microwave imaging (BMI) is a potential breast cancer screening method. This manuscript presents a novel iterative delay-and-sum (DAS) based reconstruction algorithm for BMI. This iterative-DAS (itDAS) algorithm uses a forward radar model to iteratively update an image estimate.

Classification of breast tumor models with a prototype microwave imaging system.

Purpose: The assessment of the size and shape of breast tumors is of utter importance to the correct diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. In this paper, we classify breast tumor models of varying sizes and shapes using signals collected with a monostatic ultra-wideband radar microwave imaging prototype system with machine learning algorithms specifically tailored to the collected data.

Methods: A database comprising 13 benign and 13 malignant tumor models with sizes between 13 and 40 mm was created using dielectrically representative tissue mimicking materials.

An Air-Operated Bistatic System for Breast Microwave Radar Imaging: Pre-Clinical Validation.

This study presents a breast microwave radar imaging system designed for bistatic operation in air. The system operates in the range of 1-8 GHz and employs a double-ridged horn antenna array with four degrees of freedom. A hemispherical breast phantom with a tumor inclusion of 1.

The use of 0.5r as an effective point of measurement for cylindrical chambers may result in a systematic shift of electron percentage depth doses.

Electron dosimetry can be performed using cylindrical chambers, plane-parallel chambers, and diode detectors. The finite volume of these detectors results in a displacement effect which is taken into account using an effective point of measurement (EPOM). Dosimetry protocols have recommended a shift of 0.

A Comparison of the Efficiency of Using a Deep CNN Approach with Other Common Regression Methods for the Prediction of EGFR Expression in Glioblastoma Patients.

To estimate epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level in glioblastoma (GBM) patients using radiogenomic analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI). A comparative study using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based regression, deep neural network, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, elastic net regression, and linear regression with no regularization was carried out to estimate EGFR expression of 166 GBM patients. Except for the deep CNN case, overfitting was prevented by using feature selection, and loss values for each method were compared.

Evaluating a potential technique with local optical flow vectors for automatic organ-at-risk (OAR) intrusion detection and avoidance during radiotherapy.

Various techniques of deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) have been used to mitigate the likelihood and risk of exposing the heart, an organ-at-risk (OAR) for unintended radiation during left breast radiotherapy. However, issues of reproducibility of these techniques warrant further investigation into the feasibility of detecting the intrusion of an OAR into the treatment field during intra-fractional treatment delivery. The increase of high-dose, low-fraction radiotherapy treatments makes it important to immediately adapt treatment once an OAR is detected in the treatment field.

Reducing the tracking drift of an uncontoured tumor for a portal-image-based dynamically adapted conformal radiotherapy treatment.

Accurate tracking of organ motion during treatment is needed to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy. This work investigates the feasibility of tracking an uncontoured target using the motion detected within a moving treatment aperture. Tracking was achieved with a weighted optical flow algorithm, and three different techniques for updating the reference image were evaluated.

Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neurons Are Resistant to GABA(A) Receptor-Mediated Inhibition During Ethanol Withdrawal.

The neural mechanisms underlying alcohol dependence are not well-understood. GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are a relevant target for ethanol. They are inhibited by ethanol at physiologically-relevant levels and display marked hyperexcitability during withdrawal.

Feasibility of predicting tumor motion using online data acquired during treatment and a generalized neural network optimized with offline patient tumor trajectories.

Purpose: The accurate prediction of intrafraction lung tumor motion is required to compensate for system latency in image-guided adaptive radiotherapy systems. The goal of this study was to identify an optimal prediction model that has a short learning period so that prediction and adaptation can commence soon after treatment begins, and requires minimal reoptimization for individual patients. Specifically, the feasibility of predicting tumor position using a combination of a generalized (i.

α6 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors mediate low-dose ethanol effects on ventral tegmental area neurons and ethanol reward.

Dopamine (DA) neuron excitability is regulated by inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission and modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of α6 subunit-containing nAChRs (α6*-nAChRs) in acute ethanol effects on ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA and DA neurons. α6*-nAChRs were visualized on GABA terminals on VTA GABA neurons, and α6*-nAChR transcripts were expressed in most DA neurons, but only a minority of VTA GABA neurons from GAD67 GFP mice.

Prevalence of Lynch syndrome in unselected patients with endometrial or ovarian cancer.

Introduction: Lynch syndrome is known by healthcare providers mainly for patients with colorectal cancer. Awareness of other associated tumors, such as endometrial or ovarian cancer, is low. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of Lynch syndrome in unselected patients with endometrial or ovarian cancer.

Treatment of tailgut cysts by extended distal rectal segmental resection with rectoanal anastomosis.

Purpose: Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for tailgut cysts, because of their malignant potential and tendency to regrow if incompletely resected. We report our experience of treating patients with tailgut cysts, and discuss diagnostics, surgical approaches, and follow-up.

Methods: We performed extended distal rectal segmental resection of the tailgut cyst, with rectoanal anastomosis.

Experimental feasibility of multistatic holography for breast microwave radar image reconstruction.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess the experimental feasibility of circular multistatic holography, a novel breast microwave radar reconstruction approach, using experimental datasets recorded using a preclinical experimental setup. The performance of this approach was quantitatively evaluated by calculating the signal to clutter ratio (SCR), contrast to clutter ratio (CCR), tumor to fibroglandular response ratio (TFRR), spatial accuracy, and reconstruction time.

Methods: Five datasets were recorded using synthetic phantoms with the dielectric properties of breast tissue in the 1-6 GHz range using a custom radar system developed by the authors.

An unusual case of Cowden syndrome associated with ganglioneuromatous polyposis.

Background: Ganglioneuromatous polyposis (GP) is a very rare disorder which may be associated with other clinical manifestations and syndromes, such as Cowden syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type II and neurofibromatosis (NF) 1. The risk for malignant transformation of ganglioneuromas is unknown, and the combination of GP with colon cancer has been only very seldom reported.

Methods And Results: We report the case of a 60-year old male patient with adenocarcinoma, adenomas and lipomas of the colon and multiple gastroduodenal lesions combined with generalised lipomatosis and macrocephaly.

[Complex pelvic and sarcoma surgery with vascular replacement].

Due to optimization of surgical techniques in surgical oncology and vascular surgery, the most modern approaches of anesthesia and intensive care medicine and effective multimodal therapeutic strategies, locally advanced malignant tumors are resected more frequently with a potentially curative intent. In the case of extensive tumors with infiltration of vital vascular structures or of structures which are crucial for extremity preservation, the necessary surgical procedure for complete tumor removal poses a major challenge for the surgeon and incorporates a high risk of perioperative morbidity for the patient. The decision to attempt tumor resection should therefore always be based on a concept considering all aspects of the malignant disease.

ERBB2 gene as a potential therapeutic target in small bowel adenocarcinoma.

Aim Of The Study: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare and aggressive tumour with poor outcomes. Because of its low incidence, the number prospective studies remains insufficient leading to poor knowledge and absence of standard of care. Aiming to better understand small bowel carcinogenesis we investigated the frequency of somatic mutations in a large data set of patients in more than 740 mutational hotspots among 46 genes.