Protocol for characterizing non-genetic heterogeneity and expression dynamics of surface proteins in mouse muscle stem cells using flow cytometry.

Here, we present a protocol for investigating the non-genetic heterogeneity of membrane proteins expression within murine muscle stem cell (MuSC) population isolated from injured skeletal muscles. We describe a protocol that employs flow cytometry technology to detect variations in membrane CRIPTO protein levels and ensure measurements standardization. We detail steps for muscle digestion, bulk muscle cell staining, and phenotypic analysis.

A novel iPSC-based model of ICF syndrome subtype 2 recapitulates the molecular phenotype of ZBTB24 deficiency.

Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability and Facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by variable immunodeficiency. More than half of the affected individuals show mild to severe intellectual disability at early onset. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and is the causative gene of the subtype 2, accounting for about 30% of the ICF cases.

The role of tobacco smoking in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a systematic review.

Objectives: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of systemic pauci-immune necrotising vasculitides involving small vessels, characterised by the presence of specific ANCA autoantibodies directed to leukocyte proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) or myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) and subdivided into three clinical entities: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). The aetiology of AAV is unknown and many genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been reported to be involved in pathogenesis. Smoking is widely recognised as a risk factor for the development of many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

CRIPTO-based micro-heterogeneity of mouse muscle satellite cells enables adaptive response to regenerative microenvironment.

Skeletal muscle repair relies on heterogeneous populations of satellite cells (SCs). The mechanisms that regulate SC homeostasis and state transition during activation are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the emerging role of non-genetic micro-heterogeneity, i.

How dietary advanced glycation end products could facilitate the occurrence of food allergy.

Background: Food allergy (FA) is one of the most common chronic conditions in children with an increasing prevalence facilitated by the exposure to environmental factors in predisposed individuals. It has been hypothesized that the increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, containing high levels of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs), could facilitate the occurrence of FA.

Objective: We sought to provide preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential role of AGEs in facilitating the occurrence of FA.

The chemistry of gut microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharides impacts on the occurrence of food allergy in the pediatric age.

Food allergy (FA) in children is a major health concern. A better definition of the pathogenesis of the disease could facilitate effective preventive and therapeutic measures. Gut microbiome alterations could modulate the occurrence of FA, although the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are poorly characterized.

Neurological Pupil Index and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Multicentric Study.

Background: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) occurs in around 30% of patients suffering from nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with poor neurological outcome. Whether the Neurological Pupil index (NPi) derived from the automated pupillometry could help to diagnose the occurrence of DCI remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of NPi with the occurrence of DCI in patients with SAH.

Thromboelastography Profile Is Associated with Lung Aeration Assessed by Point-of-Care Ultrasound in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Background. To evaluate relationships between lung aeration assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS) with viscoelastic profiles obtained by thromboelastography (TEG) in COVID-19 respiratory failure. Methods.

Protective effects of the postbiotic deriving from cow's milk fermentation with L. paracasei CBA L74 against Rotavirus infection in human enterocytes.

Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis-associated mortality in early childhood. Emerging clinical evidence suggest the efficacy of the postbiotic approach based on cow's milk fermentation with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CBAL74 (FM-CBAL74) in preventing pediatric acute gastroenteritis, but the mechanisms of action are still poorly characterized. We evaluated the protective action of FM-CBAL74 in an in vitro model of RV infection in human enterocytes.

Catheter salvage strategies in children with central venous catheter-related or -associated bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Optimal management of central venous catheter-related, or -associated, bloodstream infections (CRBSI or CLABSI) in children is not established.

Aim: To evaluate success of catheter salvage strategies in paediatric patients.

Methods: Studies were retrieved from medical databases and article reference lists.

Effect of Gliadin Stimulation on HLA-DQ2.5 Gene Expression in Macrophages from Adult Celiac Disease Patients.

Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD) because they are involved in both inflammatory reaction and antigen presentation. We analyzed the expression of CD-associated HLA-DQ2.5 risk alleles on macrophages isolated by two cohorts of adult patients, from the U.

Community Initiatives to Promote Basic Life Support Implementation-A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Early intervention of bystanders (the first links of the chain of survival) have been shown to improve survival and good neurological outcomes of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Many initiatives have been implemented to increase the engagement of communities in early basic life support (BLS) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially of lay people with no duty to respond. A better knowledge of the most effective initiatives might help improve survival and health system organization.

Tolerogenic Effect Elicited by Protein Fraction Derived From Different Formulas for Dietary Treatment of Cow's Milk Allergy in Human Cells.

Several formulas are available for the dietary treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Clinical data suggest potentially different effect on immune tolerance elicited by these formulas. We aimed to comparatively evaluate the tolerogenic effect elicited by the protein fraction of different formulas available for the dietary treatment of CMA.

Thromboelastography clot strength profiles and effect of systemic anticoagulation in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective, observational study.

Objective: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection may yield a hypercoagulable state with fibrinolysis impairment. We conducted a single-center observational study with the aim of analyzing the coagulation patterns of intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients with both standard laboratory and viscoelastic tests. The presence of coagulopathy at the onset of the infection and after seven days of systemic anticoagulant therapy was investigated.

Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.

For this 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, the Education, Implementation, and Teams Task Force applied the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study design, time frame format and performed 15 systematic reviews, applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidance. Furthermore, 4 scoping reviews and 7 evidence updates assessed any new evidence to determine if a change in any existing treatment recommendation was required. The topics covered included training for the treatment of opioid overdose; basic life support, including automated external defibrillator training; measuring implementation and performance in communities, and cardiac arrest centers; advanced life support training, including team and leadership training and rapid response teams; measuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, feedback devices, and debriefing; and the use of social media to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation application.

Differential expression of predisposing HLA-DQ2.5 alleles in DR5/DR7 celiac disease patients affects the pathological immune response to gluten.

The DR5-DQ7/DR7-DQ2 genotype is very frequent among patients affected by celiac disease (CD), in Europe. This genotype, associated to high risk of CD, carries the HLA-DQA1*05 and HLA-DQB1*02 predisposing alleles, in trans configuration. The alleles encode the DQ2.

Butyrate as a bioactive human milk protective component against food allergy.

Background: Food allergy (FA) is a growing health problem worldwide. Effective strategies are advocated to limit the disease burden. Human milk (HM) could be considered as a protective factor against FA, but its mechanisms remain unclear.

Protective action of Bacillus clausii probiotic strains in an in vitro model of Rotavirus infection.

Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. Bacillus clausii (B. clausii) is a spore-forming probiotic that is able to colonize the gut.

Role of PA2G4P4 pseudogene in bladder cancer tumorigenesis.

Background: Many pseudogenes possess biological activities and play important roles in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer including bladder cancer (BlCa), which still lacks suitable molecular biomarkers. Recently, pseudogenes were found to be significantly enriched in a pan-cancer classification based on the Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression data. Among them, the top-ranking pseudogene was the proliferation-associated 2G4 pseudogene 4 ).

Tristetraprolin/ZFP36 Regulates the Turnover of Autoimmune-Associated HLA-DQ mRNAs.

HLA class II genes encode highly polymorphic heterodimeric proteins functioning to present antigens to T cells and stimulate a specific immune response. Many HLA genes are strongly associated with autoimmune diseases as they stimulate self-antigen specific CD4 T cells driving pathogenic responses against host tissues or organs. High expression of HLA class II risk genes is associated with autoimmune diseases, influencing the strength of the CD4 T-mediated autoimmune response.

HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 Alleles, Conferring Susceptibility to Celiac Disease and Type 1 Diabetes, are More Expressed Than Non-Predisposing Alleles and are Coordinately Regulated.

HLA DQA1*05 and DQB1*02 alleles encoding the DQ2.5 molecule and HLA DQA1*03 and DQB1*03 alleles encoding DQ8 molecules are strongly associated with celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D), two common autoimmune diseases (AD). We previously demonstrated that DQ2.

The HLA-DRB1 risk alleles for multiple sclerosis are differentially expressed in blood cells of patients from Southern Italy.

HLA gene expression has an important role in the autoimmune disease predisposition. We investigated the mRNA expression profile of the risk alleles HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*13 in a cohort of subjects both multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls. Moreover, we explored the expression of the allele HLA-DRB1*11 that is very frequent in our cohort from southern Italy.