Worse long-term renal outcome of lupus nephritis patients of African descent living in Europe.

Introduction: Prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN) among patients of African descent living in Europe has been understudied.

Methods: In a retrospective study performed in two European university hospitals, we compared the prognosis of LN in patients of African descent or Caucasians. Remission was defined as a urine protein to creatinine (uP/C) ratio<0.

Absence of renal remission portends poor long-term kidney outcome in lupus nephritis.

Background: The very long-term consequences of absence of remission in lupus nephritis (LN) remain understudied.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we studied a selected cohort of 128 patients with biopsy-proven class III, IV or V incident LN followed for a median period of 134 months (minimum 25). Remission was defined as a urine protein to creatinine (uP:C) ratio <0.

2F3 monoclonal antibody recognizes the O26 O-antigen moiety of the lipopolysaccharide of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strain 4276.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) organisms are groups of pathogenic strains whose infections are characterized by a typical lesion of enterocyte attachment and effacement. They are involved in enteric diseases both in humans and in animals, and EHEC strains can be responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans.

Presence in bovine enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli of genes encoding for putative adhesins of human EHEC strains.

Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) infections are characterised by the formation of attaching and effacing lesions on intestinal epithelial cells. The first step of EPEC and EHEC pathogenesis involves the initial adherence of the bacterium to the intestinal epithelium. A collection of bovine EPEC and EHEC strains belonging to different serogroups was tested by colony blot hybridization with gene probes for putative adhesins (BFPA, LPFA, IHA, LIFA) of human EPEC and EHEC, and also for fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins (AFA8, F17, Cs31A) of bovine necrotoxigenic E.

A role for the Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin in bovine enterotoxaemia?

Non-enterotoxigenic type A Clostridium perfringens are associated with bovine enterotoxaemia, but the alpha toxin is not regarded as responsible for the production of typical lesions of necrotic and haemorrhagic enteritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the putative role of the more recently described beta2 toxin. Seven hundred and fourteen non-enterotoxigenic type A C.

Bacterial intestinal flora associated with enterotoxaemia in Belgian Blue calves.

The enterotoxaemia syndrome in Belgian Blue calves is characterised by a high case fatality rate, sudden death, lesions of haemorrhagic enteritis of the small intestine and, quite often an absence of other clinical signs but its cause has not been yet identified. As a first step in this identification, the aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora of a population of 78 calves, originating from farms located in southern Belgium and that died in circumstances defined as "calf enterotoxaemia" (study population) and of 64 calves that died in other circumstances (control population) were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The colonies were identified after subcultures with appropriate API sugar sets.

The locus for enterocyte effacement (LEE) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from dogs and cats.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching and effacing lesions. The genes responsible for this lesion are clustered on the chromosome forming a 35.5 kilobase pathogenesis island called LEE.

Comparison of eae, tir, espA and espB genes of bovine and human attaching and effacing Escherichia coli by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) virulence genes include the eae, the tir, the espA and the espB genes. These genes have been sequenced from several AEEC strains. The sequences alignments revealed the presence of constant and variable regions.

Heterogeneity of the eae genes in attaching/effacing Escherichia coli from cattle: comparison with human strains.

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli isolated from cattle were studied by DNA colony hybridization to subtype their intimin-encoding (eae) gene with probes derived from the variable parts of the eae alpha gene of the human EPEC strain E2348/69, the eae gamma gene of the human O157:H7 EHEC strain ATCC43888, and the eae beta gene of the bovine O26:H- EHEC strain 193, whose eae gene was first cloned and sequenced during this work. The EPEC and EHEC had been isolated from diarrhoeic calves (143 EPEC and 48 EHEC) and from healthy animals at the slaughterhouse (10 EPEC and 34 EHEC). The 191 bovine EPEC and EHEC isolated from diseased calves were positive with the Eae beta probe (55 and 27% respectively) and with the Eae gamma probe (9 and 73% respectively), whereas 52 EPEC (36%) were negative with the Eae alpha, Eae beta, and Eae gamma probes.

Prevalence and molecular typing of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli among calf populations in Belgium.

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli are involved in diarrhea in 2 to 8-week old calves. The virulence factors of these bacteria include: (i) the secretion of proteins (i.e.

Bovine attaching and effacing Escherichia coli possess a pathogenesis island related to the LEE of the human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain E2348/69.

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) has been described as a cause of diarrhea in calves. The molecular pathogenesis of AEEC was mainly studied in human enteropathogenic E. coli strain E2348/69 in which the virulence correlated with the presence of a 35.

Pathotypes of bovine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates producing attaching/effacing (AE) lesions in the ligated intestinal loop assay in rabbits.

Effacement of the microvilli and intimate attachment to the enterocytes (AE lesions) are two common properties of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and many verotoxigenic (VTEC) E. coli isolates from humans and animals. However not all of the several chromosomal and plasmidic genes and loci involved in the pathogenesis of the human EPEC strain E2348/69 are present in EPEC and VTEC isolates from animal species.

Typing of bovine attaching and effacing Escherichia coli by multiplex in vitro amplification of virulence-associated genes.

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli is a new causal agent of diarrhea in calves. Its major virulence factors are the intimin protein, encoded by the eaeA gene, and the Shiga-like toxins, encoded by slt genes. Because the sequences of these genes are available, we selected specific primers to amplify each virulence gene so as to develop a new identification test based on multiplex amplification of virulence-associated genes.