Tissue-specific RNA Polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release and burst kinetics in a Drosophila embryonic patterning network.

Background: Formation of tissue-specific transcriptional programs underlies multicellular development, including dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the Drosophila embryo. This involves interactions between transcriptional enhancers and promoters in a chromatin context, but how the chromatin landscape influences transcription is not fully understood.

Results: Here we comprehensively resolve differential transcriptional and chromatin states during Drosophila DV patterning.

Impaired function of rDNA transcription initiation machinery leads to derepression of ribosomal genes with insertions of R2 retrotransposon.

Eukaryotic genomes harbor hundreds of rRNA genes, many of which are transcriptionally silent. However, little is known about selective regulation of individual rDNA units. In Drosophila melanogaster, some rDNA repeats contain insertions of the R2 retrotransposon, which is capable to be transcribed only as part of pre-rRNA molecules.

Long Noncoding RNAs and Stress Response in the Nucleolus.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform diverse functions in the regulation of cellular processes. Here we consider a variety of lncRNAs found in the ribosome production center, the nucleolus, and focus on their role in the response to environmental stressors. Nucleolar lncRNAs ensure stress adaptation by cessation of resource-intensive ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and by inducing the massive sequestration of proteins within the nucleolus.

Recombination Processes and Nonlinear Markov Chains.

Bacteria are known to exchange genetic information by horizontal gene transfer. Since the frequency of homologous recombination depends on the similarity between the recombining segments, several studies examined whether this could lead to the emergence of subspecies. Most of them simulated fixed-size Wright-Fisher populations, in which the genetic drift should be taken into account.

NEW OPPORTUNITIES OF THE QUALIFYING ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS OF PANCREAS NEOPLASMS.

Objective: the aim of study was testing and introduction in clinical practice combination of EUS with sonoelastography, fine-needle biopsy and needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in advanced diagnostic of pancreatic disease.

Materials And Methods: in the period from February 2014 to December 2015, we accumulated experience of EUS-FNA in 72 patients mostly with tumor pathology of the pancreas. In 16 cases we used 19G, in 49-22G, and in 7 patients - 25G needles.

[ENDOCYTOSCOPY--NOVEL ENDOSCOPIC DIAGNOSTICS APPROACH: PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURE].

Endocytoscopy is one of the most novel endoscopic diagnostic procedures, providing optical magnification up to 1150 times of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract mucosa. Such approach allows real-time tissue and cellular structure visualization. Endocytoscopy, along with confocal laser endomicroscopy, can be considered as "optical biopsy" in vivo.

[ENDOCYTOSCOPY--NEW TYPE OF ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL AND RESPIRATORY TRACT].

Majority of published data describing endocytoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa, but in recent publications, it is reported, that endocytoscopy is suitable for small bowel, colon, respiratory tract and even peritoneum "optical biopsy". In number of articles possibilities of celiac sprue diagnostics with endocytoscopy is discussed, but small-bowel endocytoscopy is limited, due to absence of endocytoscopes, compatible with enteroscopes. More widely endocytoscopy is used in colon, mostly in lateral-spreading adenomas diagnostics.

Comparative Analysis of Apicoplast-Targeted Protein Extension Lengths in Apicomplexan Parasites.

In general, the mechanism of protein translocation through the apicoplast membrane requires a specific extension of a functionally important region of the apicoplast-targeted proteins. The corresponding signal peptides were detected in many apicomplexans but not in the majority of apicoplast-targeted proteins in Toxoplasma gondii. In T.

[THE FIRST CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE CELIAC PLEXUS BLOCKADE UNDER ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND NAVIGATION IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER].

Objective: Implementation into clinical practice and getting our own data of the effectiveness of EUS-CPN in chronic pain syndrome associated with pancreatic cancer in the palliative treatment.

Materials And Methods: In the period from October 2014 to May 2015 in P.A.

[Endoscopic stenting of malignant stenosis in the cervical esophagus].

Objective: to define the optimal approach for self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) installing in the cervical esophagus in cases of malignant stenosis and to select the optimal types of stents for this tumor location.

Materials: From 2004 to 2013 in P.A.

[Early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions diagnostics with confocal laser endomicroscopy].

Aim: To develop endomicroscopic criteria of early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions

Methods: 157 suspected for early gastric cancer patients were included in our study. In all cases complex endoscopic examination (narrow-band imaging NBI-HD endoscopy, endosonography (EUS) and endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with precise biopsy) was performed. CLE images compared to pathology data.

[Confocal laser endomicroscopy principles and performing algorithm in gastric mucosa examination].

Accuracy of endoscopic examination in early gastric cancer and precancerous conditions diagnostics for many years depended only on quality of biopsy. That's why, risk of overlooking gastric focal carcinoma, particularly-- multiple, was relatively high. Last couple of years new endoscopic method--confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) was released for commercial use.

Superficial and early cancers of the esophagus.

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the evolution of Barrett's dysplasia to early cancer; the early detection of esophageal cancer in China; new technologies of treatment for dysplasia; the prognostic value of molecular markers expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; the follow-up schedule after ablation of high-grade dysplasia; intramucosal cancers; and tubular widespread endoscopic esophageal submucosal dissection with high-dose steroid stricture prevention.

Modeling RNA polymerase interaction in mitochondria of chordates.

Background: In previous work, we introduced a concept, a mathematical model and its computer realization that describe the interaction between bacterial and phage type RNA polymerases, protein factors, DNA and RNA secondary structures during transcription, including transcription initiation and termination. The model accurately reproduces changes of gene transcription level observed in polymerase sigma-subunit knockout and heat shock experiments in plant plastids. The corresponding computer program and a user guide are available at http://lab6.

Monoclinic form I of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate from powder diffraction data.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(16)H(17)ClNO(2)S(+)·HSO(4) (-), (I) [systematic name: (+)-(S)-5-[(2-chloro-phen-yl)(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)meth-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5-ium hydrogen sulfate], contains two independent cations of clopidogrel and two independent hydrogensulfate anions. The two independent cations are of similar conformation; however, this differs from that observed in ortho-rhom-bic form (II) [Bousquet et al. (2003 ▶).

Modeling classic attenuation regulation of gene expression in bacteria.

A model is proposed primarily for the classical RNA attenuation regulation of gene expression through premature transcription termination. The model is based on the concept of the RNA secondary structure macrostate within the regulatory region between the ribosome and RNA-polymerase, on hypothetical equation describing deceleration of RNA-polymerase by a macrostate and on views of transcription and translation initiation and elongation, under different values of the four basic model parameters which were varied. A special effort was made to select adequate model parameters.

[Model of genes expression regulation in bacteria by means of formation of secondary RNA structures].

In this article a model, first, classical attenuation RNA regulation of gene expression by means of transcription termination is offered. The model bases on representation about a macrostate of secondary structure in RNA regulatory region between a ribosome and a RNA polymerase, on the formulas of a resonant type defining the value of deceleration of a RNA polymerase by a set of hairpins in the same region. The special attention is given to selection of parameters of model.

Elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at square root(S)NN = 130 GeV.

Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at square root(S)NN = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions.