Anthocyanin and flavonol variation in bog bilberries (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) in Finland.

The flavonoids, anthocyanins and flavonols, in bog bilberries (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) were studied from 15 populations in Finland on a south-north axis of approximately 1000 km. Four anthocyanidin xylosides and 14 flavonol glycosides were tentatively identified by means of HPLC-ESI-MS.

Characterization of anthocyanins in caucasian blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) native to Turkey.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with diode array (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detections were used to characterize anthocyanins in the berries of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. The dark purple-black berries were collected from five Caucasian blueberry populations in northeastern Turkey. The HPLC-DAD profile consisted of 19 anthocyanin peaks, but HPLC-ESI-MS revealed fragment ion patterns of 26 anthocyanins.

Analysis of anthocyanin variation in wild populations of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in Finland.

The berries of Vaccinium myrtillus L. are characterized by 15 anthocyanins. To study the variation in the anthocyanins on a south-north axis of about 1000 km in Finland, the berries from 179 individual bilberry plants in 20 populations were analyzed using an optimized RP-HPLC-DAD method.

Effect of long-term forest fertilization on Scots pine xylem quality and wood borer performance.

We tested whether changes in long-term nutrient availability would affect the xylem quality and characteristics of Scots pine trees as a food source for the larvae of the xylophagous wood borer Hylotrupes bajulus L. (Cerambycidae). We looked for an effect of host plant growth and xylem structural traits on H.

Long-term exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation has no significant effects on growth or secondary compounds of outdoor-grown Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings.

The effects of long-term enhanced UV-B radiation on growth and secondary compounds of two conifer species were studied in an outdoor experiment. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings were exposed for two growing seasons and Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings for three growing seasons to supplemental UV-B radiation, corresponding to a 30% increase in ambient UV-B radiation. The experiment also included appropriate controls for ambient and increased UV-A radiation.

Influence of carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis) feeding or exogenous limonene or methyl jasmonate treatment on composition of carrot (Daucus carota) leaf essential oil and headspace volatiles.

The effect of carrot psyllid (Trioza apicalis Förster) feeding and limonene and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on the essential oil composition and headspace volatiles of carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus), cvs. Parano and Splendid, leaves was studied.

Drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings.

Drought is known to have an impact on the resistance of conifers to various pests, for example, by affecting resin flow in trees. Little is known, however, about the quantitative and qualitative changes in resin when trees are growing in low moisture conditions. We exposed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.

Contrasting effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on Rubisco activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, needle ultrastructure and secondary metabolites in conifer seedlings.

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Resource partitioning to growth, storage and defence in nitrogen-fertilized Scots pine and susceptibility of the seedlings to the tarnished plant bug Lygus rugulipennis.

We tested how variable nitrogen availability affects the above-and below-ground growth of first-year Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings and carbon allocation to defensive allelochemicals and storage. Concentrations of free ammo acids were considered as indicators of nutritive quality.