Short and long-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation causes endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat testis.

Long-term radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure, which adversely affects organisms, deteriorates testicular functions. Misfolding or unfolding protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) initiates an intracellular reaction known as ER stress (ERS), which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) for proteostasis. Since both RFR exposure and ERS can cause male infertility, we hypothesized that RFR exposure causes ERS to adversely affect testicular functions in rats.

Expression levels of tam receptors and ligands in the testes of rats exposed to short and middle-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation.

With advances in technology, the emission of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) into the environment, particularly from mobile devices, has become a growing concern. Tyro 3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptors and their ligands are essential for spermatogenesis and testosterone production. RFR has been shown to induce testicular cell apoptosis by causing inflammation and disrupting homeostasis.

Investigation of Cyclo-Z Therapeutic Effect on Insulin Pathway in Alzheimer's Rat Model: Biochemical and Electrophysiological Parameters.

Cyclo (his-pro-CHP) plus zinc (Zn) (Cyclo-Z) is the only known chemical that increases the production of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and decreases the number of inactive insulin fragments in cells. The aim of the present study was to systematically characterize the effects of Cyclo-Z on the insulin pathway, memory functions, and brain oscillations in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model. The rat model of AD was established by bilateral injection of Aβ42 oligomer (2,5nmol/10μl) into the lateral ventricles.

Cognitive dysfunctions and spontaneous EEG alterations induced by hippocampal amyloid pathology in rats.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the effects of different doses of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide on learning and memory, and whether the changes in brain oscillations induced by dose-dependent accumulation of Aβ could be used as biomarkers to detect early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Material And Methods: Male albino Wistar rats aged 3 months were randomly divided into four groups (n ​= ​12/group) obtained by i. h.

Anxiolytic-like effects of extremely low frequency electric field in stressed rats: involvement of 5-HT2C receptors.

Background: Possible modulatory effects of noninvasive brain stimulation have gained interest recently. In our study, the effect of low frequency electric fields (LF-EF) on stress-induced electrophysiological, behavioral changes and the possible involvement of serotonergic 5-HT2C receptors were investigated.

Materials And Methods: A total of eight groups including the control groups were formed by applying LF-EF with or without a 5-HT2C receptor agonist to naïve or acute stress exposed rats to demonstrate the effects of LF-EF.

The effects of acute and chronic exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on auditory brainstem response in adult rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short and long-term RFR exposure on ABR by evaluating lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in adult rats. Sixty male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. S1:1 week sham, S10:10 weeks sham, E1:1 week RFR, E10:10 weeks RFR.

Auditory evoked potentials might have the potential to serve as early indicators related to amyloid beta peptide toxicity.

Purpose: Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is thought to be the major cause of the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of Aβ at increasing concentrations on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and to determine possible changes relevant to the accumulation of Aβ.

Materials And Methods: In this study, rats were randomized to following groups (n = 10 per group): sham (0.

Short-term 2.1 GHz radiofrequency radiation treatment induces significant changes on the auditory evoked potentials in adult rats.

Purpose: There is a growing interest in the usage of radiofrequency radiation (RF) as a noninvasive brain stimulation method. Previously reported data demonstrated that RF exposure caused a change in brain oscillations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of RF on brain oscillation by measuring the auditory response of different brain regions in rats.

Protective role of rosmarinic acid on amyloid beta 42-induced echoic memory decline: Implication of oxidative stress and cholinergic impairment.

In the present study, we examined whether rosmarinic acid (RA) reverses amyloid β (Aβ) induced reductions in antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, cholinergic damage as well as the central auditory deficits. For this purpose, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham(S), Sham + RA (SR), Aβ42 peptide (Aβ) and Aβ42 peptide + RA (AβR) groups. Rat model of Alzheimer was established by bilateral injection of Aβ42 peptide (2,2 nmol/10 μl) into the lateral ventricles.

Alterations in spontaneous delta and gamma activity might provide clues to detect changes induced by amyloid-β administration.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and has an increasing incidence. The neuropathogenesis of AD is suggested to be a result of the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. To date, Aβ-induced cognitive and neurophysiologic impairments have not been illuminated sufficiently.

Changes of auditory event-related potentials in ovariectomized rats injected with d-galactose: Protective role of rosmarinic acid.

Rosmarinic acid (RA), which has multiple bioactive properties, might be a useful agent for protecting central nervous system against age related alterations. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to investigate possible protective effects of RA on mismatch negativity (MMN) component of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) as an indicator of auditory discrimination and echoic memory in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats injected with d-galactose combined with neurochemical and histological analyses. Ninety female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham control (S); RA-treated (R); OVX (O); OVX+RA-treated (OR); OVX+d-galactose-treated (OD); OVX+d-galactose+RA-treated (ODR).

The effect of ingested sulfite on active avoidance in normal and sulfite oxidase-deficient aged rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible toxic effects of sulfite on neurons by measuring active avoidance learning in normal and sulfite oxidase (SOX)-deficient aged rats. Twenty-four months of age Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), sulfite-treated group (S), SOX-deficient group (D) and SOX-deficient + sulfite-treated group (DS). SOX deficiency was established by feeding rats with a low molybdenum (Mo) diet and adding 200 ppm tungsten (W) to their drinking water.

Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to extremely low-frequency electric fields on mismatch negativity component of the auditory event-related potentials: Relation to oxidative stress.

In our previous study, the developmental effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields (ELF-EF) on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in adult rats were studied. There is no study so far examining the effects of 50 Hz electric field (EF) on mismatch negativity (MMN) recordings after exposure of rats during development. Therefore, our present study aimed to investigate MMN and oxidative brain damage in rats exposed to EF (12 kV/m, 1 h/day).

Glucocorticoids mediate stress-induced impairment of retrieval of stimulus-response memory.

Acute stress and elevated glucocorticoid hormone levels are well known to impair the retrieval of hippocampus-dependent 'declarative' memory. Recent findings suggest that stress might also impair the retrieval of non-hippocampal memories. In particular, stress shortly before retention testing was shown to impair the retrieval of striatal stimulus-response associations in humans.

2100-MHz electromagnetic fields have different effects on visual evoked potentials and oxidant/antioxidant status depending on exposure duration.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the duration effects of 2100-MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and to assess lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO) production and antioxidant status of EMF exposed rats. Rats were randomized to following groups: Sham rats (S1 and S10) and rats exposed to 2100-MHz EMF (E1 and E10) for 2h/day for 1 or 10 weeks, respectively. At the end of experimental periods, VEPs were recorded under anesthesia.

Effects of rosmarinic acid on cognitive and biochemical alterations in ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose.

Introduction: Animal models designed to mimic certain features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can help us to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease. Previous studies have revealed that long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy results in pathophysiologic alterations associated with AD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) administration on pathological changes associated with ovariectomy and D-galactose injection, which serve as a two-insult model for AD.

The Effect of Magnesium on Visual Evoked Potentials in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats.

In the literature, although there are many studies regarding complications of hypertension, information concerning its influence on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) is limited. This study aims to clarify the possible therapeutic effects of the preferential magnesium (Mg) treatment on VEPs in an experimental hypertension model. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, Mg treated (Mg), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension, and L-NAME hypertension + Mg treated (L-NAME + Mg).

2.1 GHz electromagnetic field does not change contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients but decreases β-adrenergic responsiveness through nitric oxide signaling in rat ventricular myocytes.

Purpose: Due to the increasing use of wireless technology in developing countries, particularly mobile phones, the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on biologic systems has become the subject of an intense debate. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of 2.1 GHz EMF on contractility and beta-adrenergic (β-AR) responsiveness of ventricular myocytes.

The developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric fields on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in adult rats.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF-EFs) on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and to examine the relationship between lipid peroxidation and changes of these potentials. In this context, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups; Control (C), gestational (prenatal) exposure (Pr), gestational+ postnatal exposure (PP) and postnatal exposure (Po) groups.

The effect of ingested sulfite on visual evoked potentials, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status of brain in normal and sulfite oxidase-deficient aged rats.

Sulfite, commonly used as a preservative in foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals, is a very reactive and potentially toxic molecule which is detoxified by sulfite oxidase (SOX). Changes induced by aging may be exacerbated by exogenous chemicals like sulfite. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ingested sulfite on visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and brain antioxidant statuses by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities.

The relationship between oxidative stress markers and visual evoked potentials in different hypertension models.

Objective: We aimed to define the influence of different hypertension models on lipid peroxidation markers [conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)], antioxidant protection [paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity] and visual evoked potential (VEP) changes in rats.

Methods: The study was designed as four different hypertension models. Rats (n=84) were divided equally into six groups: Control group (C), Sham operated (Sham), Two kidney-one clip (2K-1C), One kidney-one clip (1K-1C), Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME).

Serum lipid peroxidation markers are correlated with those in brain samples in different stress models.

Objective: Stress can stimulate increased production of oxygen radicals. We investigated the correlations between serum levels of lipid peroxidation markers and those in brain samples in different stress models.

Methods: Animals (n = 96) were divided equally into eight groups: a control group and groups treated with vitamin E (Vit E); exposed to immobilisation stress; exposed to immobilisation stress and treated with Vit E; exposed to cold stress; exposed to cold stress and treated with Vit E; exposed to both immobilisation and cold stress; and a final group exposed to both immobilisation and cold stress and treated with Vit E.

The role of nitric oxide on visual-evoked potentials in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism in mice.

The present study aimed to elucidate visual evoked potentials (VEP) changes in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease (PD) and investigate the possible benefical effects of neuronal (n) and inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on altered VEPs, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. 3 months old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups which included control (C), 7-nitra indazole treated (7-NI), S-methylisothiourea (SMT) treated, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treated, 7-NI+MPTP treated and SMT+MPTP treated. Motor activity of mice was evaluated via the pole test.

The effect of different strengths of extremely low-frequency electric fields on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and visual evoked potentials.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of extremely low-frequency electric field (ELF EF) on visual evoked potential (VEP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidant stress index (OSI). Thirty female Wistar rats, aged 3 months, were divided into three equal groups: Control (C), the group exposed to EF at 12 kV/m strength (E12), and the group exposed to EF at 18 kV/m strength (E18). Electric field was applied to the E12 and E18 groups for 14 days (1 h/day).

The influence and the mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the oxidative stress that occurs in an experimental mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). An experimental model of PD was created by four intraperitoneal injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (4 × 20 mg/kg, at 12h intervals). Docosahexaenoic acid was given daily by gavage for 4 weeks (36 mg/kg/day).