Pain management after elective craniotomy: A systematic review with procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) recommendations.

Background: Pain after craniotomy can be intense and its management is often suboptimal.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after craniotomy.

Design: A systematic review using procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken.

Dot-Size Dependent Excitons in Droplet-Etched Cone-Shell GaAs Quantum Dots.

Strain-free GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are fabricated by filling droplet-etched nanoholes in AlGaAs. Using a template of nominally identical nanoholes, the QD size is precisely controlled by the thickness of the GaAs filling layer. Atomic force microscopy indicates that the QDs have a cone-shell shape.