Effects of a new amino acid, rice glucose polymer-based, and commercial amino acid-based formulas on growth and protein status of infants with cow's milk protein allergy.

Background: Infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) are at risk for nutrient inadequacy and impaired growth.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a new amino acid-based formula (nAAF) compared with commercial amino acid-based formula (cAAF) on growth and protein status of cow's milk protein (CMP)-allergic infants and to compare their growth with those of healthy infants.

Methods: Infants less than 6 months of age with CMPA were enrolled in the nAAF or cAAF groups.

The benefits of a novel chicken-based oral nutritional supplement for older adults: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: A considerable proportion of older adults are lactose intolerant. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical safety, efficacy, and tolerability of a chicken-based oral nutritional supplement (ONS).

Methods And Study Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Reconfirmation of improved tolerance to a new amino acid-based formula by infants with cow's milk protein allergy.

Background And Objectives: Reasons for intolerance to commercial amino acid-based formulas (cAAF) in infants diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) remain unknown. We assume that minute amounts of proteins, presenting in the glucose polymers derived from corn starch (cGPs), can elicit the intolerance to the cAAFs observed in some infants with CMA. By replacing cGPs with glucose polymers derived from rice starch (rGPs), a new amino acid-based (nAAF) formula has been shown to be better tolerated than an existing cAAF.

Improved Tolerance to a New Amino Acid-Based Formula by Infants With Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Background: Prevalence and severity of cow's milk protein allergy (CMA) in infants are increasing. A proportion of infants with CMA still elicit signs and symptoms of CMA while ingesting commercial amino acid-based formulas (AAFs). We propose that protein in glucose polymers (GPs) derived from corn starch in the AAFs might be the cause of intolerance to AAF in some infants.

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: Two neonatal cases with common splicing mutation and in vitro bezafibrate response.

Background: Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders are among the causes of acute encephalopathy- or myopathy-like illness. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a rare FAO disorder, which represent an energy production insufficiency during prolonged fasting, febrile illness, or increased muscular activity. CACT deficiency is caused by mutations of the SLC25A20 gene.

Fat-soluble vitamins and plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in chylothorax pediatric patients receiving a medium-chain triglyceride-rich diet.

Post-operative chylothorax can be cured by a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-rich diet. However, there is concern that an MCT-rich diet results in clinical and biochemical deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. We compared fat-soluble vitamins status and fatty acids status before and after administration of an MCT-rich diet.

Anal fissures in infants may be a pathognomonic sign of infants with cow's milk allergy.

Objective: To study the association between analfissures and cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants. METHODS AND METHOD: In a prospective study, 72 confirmed cases of CMA in infants were examined for anal fissure by pediatricians with five years' experience. A positive finding was defined as when an anal fissure was detected by at least two out of three examiners.

Micronutrient deficiencies in obese Thai children.

We reported the cases of 3 obese children who presented variously with costochondral beading, numbness of both hands and feet, and hypochromic-microcytic anemia. Serum ascorbic acid concentration, erythrocyte thiamin pyrophosphate effect, and serum hepcidin concentration were done to investigate these symptoms, respectively, with findings of ascorbic acid insufficiency, thiamin deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia from poor iron absorption due to a hyper-inflammatory state, respectively. This report indicated that obese children not only have energy excess but may also risk being micronutrient deficiencies; therefore, weight management with special attention to an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals should be provided.

Lower prevalence of atopic dermatitis in breast-fed infants whose allergic mothers restrict dairy products.

Objective: To study the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in exclusively breast-fed infants of allergic mothers who were placed either on liberal diets or on dairy-product-restricted diets.

Material And Method: Infants aged 0 to 4 months old, who were exclusively breast-fed and whose mothers had a history of allergic disease, were the subjects of the present study. The mothers were randomized into two groups; mothers in a control group were on liberal diets, while mothers in an intervened group were on dairy product-restricted diets.

Growth of infants with cow's milk allergy fed chicken-based formula.

Background: The recommended formulas for treatments of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in infants are hydrolyzed protein-based and amino acid-based formulas. However they are not always affordable. Furthermore, some patients are still allergic to these formulas.

Chicken-based formula is better tolerated than extensively hydrolyzed casein formula for the management of cow milk protein allergy in infants.

The effective treatment of cow milk allergy in infants consists of elimination of cow milk protein and the introduction of formulas based on an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula or an amino acid-based formula. However, about 10% of these infants are still allergic to an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula and an amino acid-based formula is very expensive. We conducted a study to verify whether the new chicken-based formula will be better tolerated than an extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for the treatment of cow milk allergy in infants.

Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Gastrointestinal disorders and associated symptoms are commonly reported in individuals with ASDs, but key issues such as the prevalence and best treatment of these conditions are incompletely understood. A central difficulty in recognizing and characterizing gastrointestinal dysfunction with ASDs is the communication difficulties experienced by many affected individuals.

Whole gastrointestinal transit time is associated with clinical severity and nutritional status of HIV-infected children.

Background: Malnutrition and malabsorption are common consequences in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The gastrointestinal tract is a major site affected by HIV Rapid gastrointestinal transit time may contribute to malabsorption.

Objective: To determine whether the whole gastrointestinal transit time (WGTT) correlates with disease stages or degrees of malnutrition in HIV-infected children.

Fatty acid composition in breast milk from 4 regions of Thailand.

Background: DHA contents in breast milk varied upon maternal dietary intakes.

Objective: To study DHA contents in breast milk in Thai lactating women from four diferent regions of Thailand.

Material And Method: 20 mL of hind milk from 40 lactating women from Bangkok, Chantaburi, Tak, and Surin were collected and analyzed for fatty acids contents by gas chromatography Dietary intake of lactating women after delivery until the present study was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.

Comparisons of a chicken-based formula with soy-based formula in infants with cow milk allergy.

Objective: To determine whether chicken-based formula can replace soy-based formula in infants with cow milk allergy.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-eight infants with cow's milk allergy, aged between 2-24 months of age were randomized to receive either chicken-based formula or soy-based formula for 14 days.

Results: In the group of soy-based formula, 12 out of 18 infants had evidence of intolerance and could not continue with the formula.

Fructose malabsorption in Thai adult.

Unlabelled: Fructose malabsorption has not been well-defined in Thai populations but there has been increasing consumption of fructose-fortified drinks.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of fructose malabsorption and intolerance in Thai normal subjects as well as the facilitating effect of glucose on fructose absorption.

Methods: Twenty-five gram of fructose was ingested by 77 subjects (37 men, 40 women; mean age 26 and 31 y, range 20-50 y and 21-50 y for men and women, respectively).

Global standard for the composition of infant formula: recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group.

The Codex Alimentarius Commission of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) develops food standards, guidelines and related texts for protecting consumer health and ensuring fair trade practices globally. The major part of the world's population lives in more than 160 countries that are members of the Codex Alimentarius. The Codex Standard on Infant Formula was adopted in 1981 based on scientific knowledge available in the 1970s and is currently being revised.

Relative risks of becoming overweight and obese in children after 6 years in secondary school.

The authors carried out a longitudinal study of bodyweights of secondary-school children from Grade VII to Grade XII. Initial data of weight for height at Grade VII showed that the prevalences of overweight boys and girls were 13.6% and 9.

Increasing risks of becoming obese after 6 years in primary school: comparing the relative risks among some schools in Bangkok, Saraburi and Sakolnakorn.

The authors carried out a retrospectively study of bodyweights of primary-school children from Grade I to Grade VI in 4 schools from Bangkok, one school from Saraburi and data of school children from a district in Sakolnakorn with a six year follow-up period. In the cohort there were 437 children from Bangkok, 225 children from Saraburi and 633 children from Sakolnakorn. Initial data show that prevalence of obesity at grade I in schools from Bangkok, Saraburi and Sakolnakorn were 16%, 23% and 4%, respectively.

Management of chylothorax and chylopericardium in pediatric patients: experiences at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok.

Chylothorax and chylopericardium are rare conditions occurring in infants and children. Both may be traumatic or nontraumatic in origin. We reviewed our experiences with the management of sixteen pediatric cases (10 males, 6 females; 11-days to 14-years old) of chylothorax and chylopericardium from 1997 to 2003.

Lactose intolerance in Thai adults.

Lactose intolerance is common in Thai adults who ingest cow's milk but its incidence has not been clearly defined The authors evaluated 45 volunteers (15 males, 35 females), aged 21-31 yrs old, who drank one 240-ml box of milk daily. A Lactose tolerance test was performed using a breath-hydrogen test (BHT) after oral intake of 25 g of lactose dissolved in 250 ml of water The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms of lactose intolerance, flatulence, abdominal pain and diarrhea, were recorded Twenty-one subjects (47%) were categorized as lactose malabsorbers and intolerant, two subjects (4%) were malabsorbers but tolerant, and 22 of 45 (49%) were absorbers and tolerant. The incidence of lactose malabsorption was, thus, 51%; symptoms of intolerance were found in 21 of the 23 malabsorbers, making the incidence of lactose intolerance 47%.

High plasma branched-chain amino acids:aromatic amino acids ratio in children on the ketogenic diet: a mechanism in controlling epilepsy.

Background: The authors proposed that ketogenic diets will produce an increase in the ratio of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (BCAAs) in plasma of children who are on the diets.

Subjects And Method: A sample of plasma amino acids sample before initiation of fasting and on day 10 of the dietary treatment was obtained in patients with refractory epilepsy who were newly admitted for initiation of ketogenic diet. Plasma amino acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography equipment.