Developing clinical performance indicators for pre-hospital blood transfusion: The Thames Valley Air Ambulance approach.

Objective: In this article, we describe how we developed and validated key performance indicators (KPIs) for pre-hospital blood transfusion and offer suggestions for other organisations wishing to develop performance metrics.

Background: KPIs are metrics that compare actual care against an ideal structure, process or outcome standard. An increasing number of UK-based pre-hospital critical care services now carry blood components to enable pre-hospital blood transfusion.

Opioid analgesia on the battlefield: a retrospective review of data from Operation HERRICK.

Background: Acute pain secondary to trauma is commonly encountered on the battlefield. The use of morphine to manage pain during combat has been well established since the 19th century. Despite this, there is relatively little research on analgesia use in this environment.