Endothelial Cell Apoptosis but Not Necrosis Is Inhibited by Ischemic Preconditioning.

This study aimed to assess the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-induced endothelial cell (EC) death. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to 2 or 6 h hypoxia with subsequent reoxygenation. IP was induced by 20 min of hypoxia followed by 20 min of reoxygenation.

Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations.

Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines.

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults' health.

The Role of PPAR Alpha in the Modulation of Innate Immunity.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a potent regulator of systemic and cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, but it also suppresses various inflammatory reactions. In this review, we focus on its role in the regulation of innate immunity; in particular, we discuss the PPARα interplay with inflammatory transcription factor signaling, pattern-recognition receptor signaling, and the endocannabinoid system. We also present examples of the PPARα-specific immunomodulatory functions during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, as well as approach several issues associated with innate immunity processes, such as the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, phagocytosis, and the effector functions of macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells.

A switch of N-glycosylation of proteome and secretome during differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.

The maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium depends on the complex process of epithelial cells differentiation, which repeatedly continues throughout the entire life. Many studies suggest, that cellular differentiation is regulated by glycosylation, or at least that changes of the latter are the hallmark of the process. The detailed description and understanding of this relationship are important in the context of gastrointestinal tract disease, including cancer.

Correction: Bonior, J., et al. Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Are Necessary for the Protective Effect of Ghrelin in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. 2017, , 1402.

We would like to submit the correction to our published paper [...

Chemerin alleviates acute pancreatitis in the rat thorough modulation of NF-κB signal.

Objective: Chemerin, an adipokine, works as the chemoattractant for the immune cells. The role of chemerin in the inflammatory reaction is controversial. Chemerin has been shown to aggravate the inflammatory response, but other studies demonstrated its anti-inflammatory influence.

Melatonin and its metabolite N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (afmk) enhance chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1).

Background: Gemcitabine is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. However, the applied therapy is not effective due to the resistance of tumor cells to cytostatics, caused by inefficiency of the apoptotic mechanisms. Herein, we present the hypothesis that melatonin and its metabolite N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) modify the effect of gemcitabine on PANC-1 cells and that this phenomenon is dependent on the modulation of apoptosis.

Effect of Endotoxemia in Suckling Rats on Pancreatic Integrity and Exocrine Function in Adults: A Review Report.

. Endotoxin (LPS), the component of Gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for sepsis and neonatal mortality, but low concentrations of LPS produced tissue protection in experimental studies. The effects of LPS applied to the suckling rats on the pancreas of adult animals have not been previously explored.

Capsaicin-Sensitive Sensory Nerves Are Necessary for the Protective Effect of Ghrelin in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats.

Ghrelin was shown to exhibit protective and therapeutic effect in the gut. Aim of the study was to investigate the role of sensory nerves (SN) in the protective effect of ghrelin in acute pancreatitis (AP). Studies were performed on male Wistar rats or isolated pancreatic acinar cells.

Effects of Melatonin and Its Analogues on Pancreatic Inflammation, Enzyme Secretion, and Tumorigenesis.

Melatonin is an indoleamine produced from the amino acid l-tryptophan, whereas metabolites of melatonin are known as kynuramines. One of the best-known kynuramines is ¹-acetyl-¹-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK). Melatonin has attracted scientific attention as a potent antioxidant and protector of tissue against oxidative stress.

Molecular Ghrelin System in the Pancreatic Acinar Cells: The Role of the Polypeptide, Caerulein and Sensory Nerves.

Unlabelled: Ghrelin (GHRL) is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Experimental studies showed that GHRL protects the stomach and pancreas against acute damage, but the effect of GHRL on pancreatic acinar cells was still undetermined.

Aim: To investigate the effect of GHRL and caerulein on the functional ghrelin system in pancreatic acinar cells taking into account the role of sensory nerves (SN).

Long-lasting effect of infant rats endotoxemia on heat shock protein 60 in the pancreatic acinar cells: involvement of toll-like receptor 4.

Introduction. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) is responsible for septic shock and multiorgan failure, but pretreatment of rats with low doses of LPS reduced pancreatic acute damage. Aim.

Helicobacter pylori promotes apoptosis, activates cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inhibits heat shock protein HSP70 in gastric cancer epithelial cells.

Objective: Apoptosis plays an important role in the regulation of gastric epithelial cell number and gastrointestinal disorders induced by Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in cell integrity, cell growth and in gastric mucosa colonized by Hp. COX-2 was implicated in Hp-induced carcinogenesis but the effects of this germ and CagA cytotoxin on HSP70, COX-2, Bax and Bcl-2 in gastric cancer epithelial cells have been little studied.

Prostaglandin E2 supports growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in Matrigel matrix.

Investigating intestinal physiology in vitro remains challenging due to the lack of an effective primary enterocyte culture system. Recently developed protocols for growing organoids containing crypts and villus from adult mouse intestinal epithelium in Matrigel present an attractive alternative to the classical techniques. However, these approaches require the use of sophisticated and expensive serum-free medium supplemented with epithelial growth factor (EGF), Wnt agonist (R-spondin 1), and bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor (Noggin) in high concentrations.

Melatonin induces pro-apoptotic signaling pathway in human pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1).

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis for long-term survival rate at all stages of invasiveness. It responds poorly to radio- and chemotherapy because the tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis. Melatonin has been reported to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth in experimental studies in animals but the effect of melatonin on cultured human pancreatic carcinoma cells has not been tested.

The mechanism of heat-shock protein 70 gene expression abolition in gastric epithelium caused by Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: The members of the family of heat shock factors coordinate the inducible transcription of heat shock genes in response to diverse stimuli. Any disturbances in signal transduction may lead to the attenuation of heat shock proteins synthesis and to cell death due to apoptosis. It has been shown by others that different nuclear factors, such as nuclear factor interleukin 6 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, co-operate with heat shock factors, mostly enhancing their activator effect on heat shock proteins genes expression.

Does apoptosis occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? TUNEL experience from human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) tissues.

The role that apoptosis plays in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unclear. From our autopsy samples, we have undertaken an effort to verify if apoptosis in ALS really occurs or if can at least be detected. The study was performed using TUNEL method for screening the apoptotic changes in the autopsy samples from 8 ALS cases compared with 16 control cases.

[Genetic aspects of colorectal carcinogenesis].

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer and the second leading cause of death in Poland. Most cases of CRC are sporadic but a small percentage occurs in heritable syndromes such as dominant autosomal adenomatous and hamartomatous polyposis syndromes and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers. In a majority of cases CRCs are thought to develop in a step wise progression from normal epithelium through polyp form to carcinoma.

Progastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are one of the most common forms of cancer in Poland and one of the leading causes of death. The tumors have been attributed to genetic, dietary, and other environmental factors, but recently growth factors such as gastrin have also been implicated in the carcinogenesis. The relationship between plasma amidated and nonamidated gastrin in CRCs is controversial.

Leptin protects the pancreas from damage induced by caerulein overstimulation by modulating cytokine production.

Background: Recent identification of specific leptin receptors in the pancreas suggests that this peptide may also play some role in this gland.

Aim: To examine the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.