Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis-A Cross-Sectional Literature Review Emphasizing Molecular Aspects.

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not yet been completely elucidated. Through time, multiple attempts have been made to uncover the causes of ASD. Different theories have been proposed, such as being caused by alterations in the gut-brain axis with an emphasis on gut dysbiosis, post-vaccine complications, and genetic or even autoimmune causes.

Could veterinarians be immune to contracting SARS-CoV-2?

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemic situation among veterinarians of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, in relation to the control group.

Material And Methods: The research was divided into 3 stages. Stage I involved the selection of subjects.

FGFR-2 and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer.

Background: At present, EC staging is based on the WHO conservative criteria, which only consider the percentage of gland formation. The molecular subgrouping of EC recently proposed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents a milestone in precise molecular-based patient triage. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of FGFR-2 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and whether it can lead to endometrial cancer dedifferentiation.

Endometrial Cancer in Aspect of Forkhead Box Protein Contribution.

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of forkhead box (FOX) on endometrial cancer (EC) progression. For a better understanding, the driving mechanisms are vital to identifying correlations between genes and their regulators. (2) Methods: The study enrolled one hundred and three white female patients with confirmed EC.

Sexual Behavior and the Awareness Level of Common Risk Factors for the Development of Cervical, Anogenital and Oropharyngeal Cancer among Women Subjected to HR HPV DNA-Testing.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant health problem that increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions, cancer of the anogenital area, as well as mouth and throat cancers. The aim of the study was to analyze the awareness level of common risk factors and the preferred sexual behavior of women aged 18-68, who underwent a molecular evaluation of common HR-HPV from material collected from the cervix. The study was conducted at the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Collegium Medicum, in the period from December 2019 to August 2020 on a group of 201 women.

The Roles of TP53 and FGFR2 in Progress Made Treating Endometrial Cancer.

The morbidity and mortality caused by endometrial cancer (EC) is still rising worldwide. In recent years, a new system of tumor stratification has been proposed based on POLE-mutational status, TP53, and microsatellite stability status. The aim of the study was to analyze a vast panel on the genes potentially involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer in the Polish population.

Five-year follow-up study of stage I-IV rectal cancer including EGFR immunoexpression and p21 immunoactivity.

Introduction: Both environmental and genetic factors increase the likelihood of developing rectal cancer.

Aim: To assess the EGFR and p21 immunoreactivity in rectal cancer and to assess its relationship with the clinical outcome.

Material And Methods: Applying exclusion criteria, 102 patients with stage I-IV rectal cancer, who had undergone scheduled surgery during the period 2005-2011, were included in the study.

A five-year follow up study of stage I-IV of rectal cancer with an emphasis on epidermal growth factor over-expression.

The key pro-proliferative pathway, based on EGFR-KRAS/BRAF-myc, is seen as the main goal of personalized therapy in rectal cancer. The objective of the study is to assess the EGFR immunoreactivity in rectal cancer and to estimate its relationship with the clinical outcome, especially as a predictor of poor outcomes. Patients: applying exclusion criteria, 102 patients with stage I-IV rectal cancer, who had undergone scheduled surgery during the period 2005-2011, were included in the study.

GERD-A Burning Problem after Sleeve Gastrectomy?

Background: Surgical treatment is the most effective method of treatment for obesity; and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most frequently performed bariatric surgery.

Objective: The aim of the study was evaluation of the frequency of occurrence and the degree of progression of changes characteristic of GERD in patients who had undergone LSG in clinical; endoscopic; and microscopic images in the obtained bioptats; and an attempt to correlate the results obtained with the effectiveness of bariatric treatment.

Materials And Method: The anonymized clinical data concerning 214 patients who had undergone LSG were collected from the database.

A New Aberration in the VPS33B Gene Leads to Full-Symptom ARCS1.

BACKGROUND ARCS1 is an acronym for arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis. It is a congenital malfunction with autosomal recessive inheritance, and, unfortunately, its prognosis is still poor. It is believed that VPS33B is altered in 75% of cases and that the VIPAR gene is altered in approximately 25% of them.

P21 is not a prognostic marker for rectal cancer - five-year follow up study of rectal cancer in stages I-IV.

The p21 participates in the regulation of DNA repair and replication, and modulation of apoptosis as well. After DNA damage, the p53-dependent induction of p21 results in cell cycle arrest or could trigger cell apoptosis. The objective of the study was the assessment of p21 immunoreactivity in rectal cancer and the estimation of relationships with clinical outcome especially as predictor of poor outcome.

HPV genotyping and p16/Ki-67 test significantly improve detection rate of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion.

Introduction: Liquid-based cytology allows to apply modern and specific analyses of hrHPV genotyping in p16/Ki-67 test. All of these together could raise accuracy ratio for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion above 90%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LBC, hrHPV testing, and p16/Ki-67 testing in diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions.

The Influence of Red Meat on Colorectal Cancer Occurrence Is Dependent on the Genetic Polymorphisms of S-Glutathione Transferase Genes.

Background: It is postulated that both individual genotype and environmental factors such as diet may modify the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The influences of gene polymorphism and red meat intake on CRC occurrence in the Polish population were analyzed in this study.

Methods: Genotyping was performed with the qPCR method.

Tumor Digital Masking Allows Precise Patient Triaging: A Study Based on Ki-67 Scoring in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Background: Technological advances constantly provide cutting-edge tools that enhance the progress of diagnostic capabilities. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors belong to a family of mesenchymal tumors where patient triaging is still based on traditional criteria such as mitotic count, tumor size, and tumor location. Limitations of the human eye and randomness in choice of area for mitotic figure counting compel us to seek more objective solutions such as digital image analysis.

, , and polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in Polish nonsmokers.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are responsible for cellular detoxification of many carcinogens and are important anticancer elements. This study assessed potential relationships between , , and polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Polish nonsmokers. We also analyzed the influence of gene polymorphisms on CRC clinical and histopathological features.

Conventional colon adenomas harbor various disturbances in microsatellite stability and contain micro-serrated foci with microsatellite instability.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer belongs to the most frequent occurring malignancies. A prediction of the clinical outcome and appropriate choice of neoadjuvant chemotherapy needs personalized insight to the main driving pathways. Because most CRCs have polyps as progenitor lesions, studying the pathways driving to adenomagenesis is no less important.

CD63 and GLUT-1 Overexpression Could Predict a Poor Clinical Outcome in GIST: A Study of 54 Cases with Follow-Up.

In light of current knowledge, it seems that alternations underlying GISTs are well explained, although all that is enhanced by various aspects on a daily basis. More recently, attention has been pointed towards exosomes as important particles able to modify healthy and also diseased tissues including cancer. The goal of the present study was an analysis of CD9, CD63, and GLUT-1 as a marker of hypoxia status within 54 cases of GIST and evaluation of their predictive value.

Intramuscular high-grade myxofibrosarcoma of left buttock of 66-year-old male patient - approach to systematic histopathological reporting.

Here we present a systematic approach to histopathological reporting of high-grade myxofibrosarcoma of 66-year-old male patient. The tumor was biopsied with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) and then the whole myxoid tumor was excised with left musculus gluteus maximus. The lesion was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue, Masson's trichrome, Ki67, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), S100, CD34 and vimentin.

Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor with incomplete duplication cyst - a case with possibility of neoplasia in fetal-period malformed tissues.

The coincidence of GIST and other gastric malignancies are documented well but arising GIST from congenital anomalies is still rarity in literature. To date, only a few papers have been concerned on the possibility of arising neoplasms from duplication cyst of gastrointestinal tract. There, are dominating usual cancers, neuroendocrine cancers or lymphomas but GIST has been noted only once.

α-Fetoprotein-Producing Hepatoid Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A Case Study With Molecular Profiling.

Here we present the case of a 73-year-old woman with an ulcerated, advanced, hepatoid, and α-fetoprotein-producing poorly differentiated (G3) primary gastric adenocarcinoma pT3 N3a M1 with multinucleated cells and evident neuroendocrine component. This tumor was consistent with giant cell tumor type gastric carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs). The cancer was HER2 and E-cadherin negative, chromogranin A dispersedly and moderately positive, and strongly α-fetoprotein-positive with evident CK AE1/AE3 immunoreactivity, while OGCs expressed CD68.

Comparative analysis of selected scales to assess prognosis in acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of selected scales to prognosticate the severity and risk for death among patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) according to the revised Atlanta classification published in 2012.

Methods: Prospective data regarding patients hospitalized due to AP were analyzed. The final analysis included a total of 1014 patients.

Adenoid basal carcinoma-like tumor combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma foci of uterine cervix - a case report of 55-year-old woman with literature review.

Background: Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of uterine cervix is an extraordinary example of carcinoma with both basal and glandular cell types. Here we present such a case of ABC combined with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of 55-year-old woman.

Methods: The tumor was stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Mucicarmine, PAS/Alcian Blue, CK AE1/AE3, CK7, CD117 and Ki67.