Scaling theory of fractal complex networks.

We show that fractality in complex networks arises from the geometric self-similarity of their built-in hierarchical community-like structure, which is mathematically described by the scale-invariant equation for the masses of the boxes with which we cover the network when determining its box dimension. This approach-grounded in both scaling theory of phase transitions and renormalization group theory-leads to the consistent scaling theory of fractal complex networks, which complements the collection of scaling exponents with several new ones and reveals various relationships between them. We propose the introduction of two classes of exponents: microscopic and macroscopic, characterizing the local structure of fractal complex networks and their global properties, respectively.

Interplay between tie strength and neighbourhood topology in complex networks.

Granovetter's weak ties theory is a very important sociological theory according to which a correlation between edge weight and the network's topology should exist. More specifically, the neighbourhood overlap of two nodes connected by an edge should be positively correlated with edge weight (tie strength). However, some real social networks exhibit a negative correlation-the most prominent example is the scientific collaboration network, for which overlap decreases with edge weight.

Cellular automata approach to modeling self-organized periodic patterns in nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals.

Elementary cellular automata provide one of the simplest ways to generally describe the phenomena of pattern formation. However, they are considered too simple to be able to describe in detail the more complex phenomena occurring in real experimental systems. In this article, we demonstrate the an application of these methods to optical systems, providing an understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of periodic patterns in nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals.

Scientific success from the perspective of the strength of weak ties.

We present the first complete verification of Granovetter's theory of social networks using a massive dataset, i.e. DBLP computer science bibliography database.

Sense of taste in patients after cochlear implantation-preliminary study.

Background: Taste is the leading sense in how we determine the quality of consumed food. Proper gustatory sensation largely determines the well-being and health of an organism, and this affects their quality of life.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate the risk of early taste disorders following implantation surgery.

A Veritable Zoology of Successive Phase Transitions in the Asymmetric -Voter Model on Multiplex Networks.

We analyze a nonlinear -voter model with stochastic noise, interpreted in the social context as independence, on a duplex network. The size of the lobby (i.e.

Reply to "Comment on 'Partial equivalence of statistical ensembles in a simple spin model with discontinuous phase transitions' ".

In the present Reply we show that a Comment casting doubts on the results of our recent paper [Fronczak, Fronczak, and Siudem, Phys. Rev. E 101, 022111 (2020)2470-004510.

Partial equivalence of statistical ensembles in a simple spin model with discontinuous phase transitions.

In this paper, we draw attention to the problem of phase transitions in systems with locally affine microcanonical entropy, in which partial equivalence of (microcanonical and canonical) ensembles is observed. We focus on a very simple spin model, that was shown to be an equilibrium statistical mechanics representation of the biased random walk. The model exhibits interesting discontinuous phase transitions that are simultaneously observed in the microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensemble, although in each of these ensembles the transition occurs in a slightly different way.

Coagulation with product kernel and arbitrary initial conditions: Exact kinetics within the Marcus-Lushnikov framework.

The time evolution of a system of coagulating particles under the product kernel and arbitrary initial conditions is studied. Using the improved Marcus-Lushnikov approach, the master equation is solved for the probability W(Q,t) to find the system in a given mass spectrum Q={n_{1},n_{2},⋯,n_{g}⋯}, with n_{g} being the number of particles of size g. The exact expression for the average number of particles 〈n_{g}(t)〉 at arbitrary time t is derived and its validity is confirmed in numerical simulations of several selected initial mass spectra.

Critical properties of unlimited gliding: Unexpected flocking behavior driven by the exchange of information.

Inspired by albatrosses that use thermal lifts to fly across oceans we develop a simple model of gliders that serves us to study theoretical limitations of unlimited exploration of the Earth. Our studies, grounded in physical theory of continuous percolation and biased random walks, allow us to identify a variety of percolation transitions, which are understood as providing potentially unlimited movement through a space in a specified direction. We discover an unexpected phenomenon of self-organization of gliders in clusters, which resembles the flock organization of birds.

Exact combinatorial approach to finite coagulating systems.

This paper outlines an exact combinatorial approach to finite coagulating systems. In this approach, cluster sizes and time are discrete and the binary aggregation alone governs the time evolution of the systems. By considering the growth histories of all possible clusters, an exact expression is derived for the probability of a coagulating system with an arbitrary kernel being found in a given cluster configuration when monodisperse initial conditions are applied.

Exact solution of the isotropic majority-vote model on complete graphs.

The isotropic majority-vote (MV) model, which, apart from the one-dimensional case, is thought to be nonequilibrium and violating the detailed balance condition. We show that this is not true when the model is defined on a complete graph. In the stationary regime, the MV model on a fully connected graph fulfills the detailed balance and is equivalent to the modified Ehrenfest urn model.

Artificial intelligence in peer review: How can evolutionary computation support journal editors?

With the volume of manuscripts submitted for publication growing every year, the deficiencies of peer review (e.g. long review times) are becoming more apparent.

How transfer flights shape the structure of the airline network.

In this paper, we analyse the gravity model in the global passenger air-transport network. We show that in the standard form, the model is inadequate for correctly describing the relationship between passenger flows and typical geo-economic variables that characterize connected countries. We propose a model for transfer flights that allows exploitation of these discrepancies in order to discover hidden subflows in the network.

Exact low-temperature series expansion for the partition function of the zero-field Ising model on the infinite square lattice.

In this paper, we provide the exact expression for the coefficients in the low-temperature series expansion of the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model on the infinite square lattice. This is equivalent to exact determination of the number of spin configurations at a given energy. With these coefficients, we show that the ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition in the square lattice Ising model can be explained through equivalence between the model and the perfect gas of energy clusters model, in which the passage through the critical point is related to the complete change in the thermodynamic preferences on the size of clusters.

Mixed-order phase transition in a minimal, diffusion-based spin model.

In this paper we exactly solve, within the grand canonical ensemble, a minimal spin model with the hybrid phase transition. We call the model diffusion based because its Hamiltonian can be recovered from a simple dynamic procedure, which can be seen as an equilibrium statistical mechanics representation of a biased random walk. We outline the derivation of the phase diagram of the model, in which the triple point has the hallmarks of the hybrid transition: discontinuity in the average magnetization and algebraically diverging susceptibilities.

Review time in peer review: quantitative analysis and modelling of editorial workflows.

In this paper, we undertake a data-driven theoretical investigation of editorial workflows. We analyse a dataset containing information about 58 papers submitted to the Biochemistry and Biotechnology section of the Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. We separate the peer review process into stages that each paper has to go through and introduce the notion of completion rate - the probability that an invitation sent to a potential reviewer will result in a finished review.

Minimal exactly solved model with the extreme Thouless effect.

We present and analyze a minimal exactly solved model that exhibits a mixed-order phase transition known in the literature as the Thouless effect. Such hybrid transitions do not fit into the modest classification of thermodynamic transitions and, as such, they used to be overlooked or incorrectly identified in the past. The recent series of observations of such transitions in many diverse systems suggest that a new taxonomy of phase transitions is needed.

International trade network: fractal properties and globalization puzzle.

Globalization is one of the central concepts of our age. The common perception of the process is that, due to declining communication and transport costs, distance becomes less and less important. However, the distance coefficient in the gravity model of trade, which grows in time, indicates that the role of distance increases rather than decreases.

Exponential random graph models for networks with community structure.

Although the community structure organization is an important characteristic of real-world networks, most of the traditional network models fail to reproduce the feature. Therefore, the models are useless as benchmark graphs for testing community detection algorithms. They are also inadequate to predict various properties of real networks.

Statistical mechanics of the international trade network.

Analyzing real data on international trade covering the time interval 1950-2000, we show that in each year over the analyzed period the network is a typical representative of the ensemble of maximally random weighted networks, whose directed connections (bilateral trade volumes) are only characterized by the product of the trading countries' GDPs. It means that time evolution of this network may be considered as a continuous sequence of equilibrium states, i.e.

Origins of Taylor's power law for fluctuation scaling in complex systems.

Taylor's fluctuation scaling (FS) has been observed in many natural and man-made systems revealing an amazing universality of the law. Here, we give a reliable explanation for the origins and abundance of Taylor's FS in different complex systems. The universality of our approach is validated against real world data ranging from bird and insect populations through human chromosomes and traffic intensity in transportation networks to stock market dynamics.

Biased random walks in complex networks: the role of local navigation rules.

We study the biased random-walk process in random uncorrelated networks with arbitrary degree distributions. In our model, the bias is defined by the preferential transition probability, which, in recent years, has been commonly used to study the efficiency of different routing protocols in communication networks. We derive exact expressions for the stationary occupation probability and for the mean transit time between two nodes.

Kauffman Boolean model in undirected scale-free networks.

We investigate analytically and numerically the critical line in undirected random Boolean networks with arbitrary degree distributions, including the scale-free topology of connections P(k) ~ k(-gamma). We explain that the unattainability of the critical line in numerical simulations of classical random graphs is due to percolation phenomena. We suggest that recent findings of discrepancy between simulations and theory in directed random Boolean networks might have the same reason.

Thermodynamic forces, flows, and Onsager coefficients in complex networks.

In this paper the linear theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, developed by Onsager and others, is applied to random networks with arbitrary degree distribution. Using the well-known methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics we identify thermodynamic forces and their conjugated flows induced in networks as a result of single node degree perturbation. The forces and the flows can be understood as a response of the system to events, such as random removal of nodes or intentional attacks on them.