Fate and distribution of kynurenic acid administered as beverage.

Background: Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a biologically active metabolite of tryptophan exerting action on several receptors located in the brain and periphery. KYNA can be synthesized endogenously or supplied in the diet. It was documented that KYNA is present in various types of food.

Subcellular distribution of the acidic ribosomal P-proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in various environmental conditions.

The yeast ribosomal "stalk"--a lateral protuberance on the 60S subunit--consists of four acidic P-proteins, P1A, P1B, P2A and P2B, which play an important role during protein synthesis. Contrary to most ribosomal proteins, which are rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm, P-proteins are found as a cytoplasmic pool and are exchanged with the ribosome-bound proteins during translation. As yet, subcellular trafficking of P-proteins has not been extensively investigated.