Nephrotoxicity as a Complication of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer, Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of many medical procedures, including those used in cancer treatment. Both chemotherapy and immunotherapy may result in deterioration of kidney function, which may lead to an increase in mortality among patients with cancer. Antineoplastic agents can affect any element of the nephron, leading to the appearance of clinical symptoms such as proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte disorders, glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis and acute kidney injury.

Selected cardiovascular risk factors in early stages of chronic kidney disease.

Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and atherosclerosis, are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Aside from the standard biomarkers, measured to determine cardiovascular risk, new ones have emerged: markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, vascular endothelium dysfunction, atherosclerosis, organ calcification and fibrosis. Unfortunately, their utility for routine clinical application remains to be elucidated.

Basic inflammatory indices and chosen neutrophil receptors expression in chronic haemodialysed patients.

Aim Of The Study: End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) are immuno-compromised and prone to infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role as both primary sensors of pathogen invasion and activators of inflammatory reaction. To test if the immune impairment in HD patients is connected with the defective expression of the neutrophil TLRs, we aimed to examine their expression and chosen inflammatory indices.

Clinical and prognostic usefulness of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in hemodialysis patients.

Purpose: Considering its prognostic usefulness and the relationship with chronic kidney disease, we analyzed the clinical utility of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. We focused on the association between suPAR levels and clinical outcomes, especially those related to cardiovascular events and mortality as well as the effect of hemodialysis on the protein levels.

Methods: We enrolled 64 patients.

Hemodialysis Decreases the Concentration of Accumulated Plant Phenols in the Plasma of Patients on Maintenance Dialysis: Influence of Residual Renal Function.

Plant phenols may accumulate in end-stage kidney disease. The effect of hemodialysis on their plasma concentration remains poorly determined. Contingent on concentration, health-promoting or noxious effects occur; therefore, we assessed plasma concentration in hemodialyzed patients.

Are Markers of Cardiac Dysfunction Useful in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Dialysis Patients?

Background: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients are major problems in this group of patients.

Methods: The purpose of this study was also to evaluate whether any of the studied markers are better than troponin in early detection of the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and prolongation of QT interval. This study included 45 patients undergoing hemodialysis.

The occurrence of atrial fibrillation in dialysis patients and its association with left atrium volume before and after dialysis.

Purpose: Atrial fibrillation is a serious problem, especially in patients on dialysis. The prevalence of AF in this group of patients is higher than in general population and associated with increased mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of the occurrence of atrial fibrillation related to intradialysis hypotension and left atrium volume enlargement associated with dialysis.

Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta as a Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent with Possible Nephroprotective and Cardiovascular Protective Effects in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health problem, because of unsuccessful outcomes such as CKD progression to end stage renal disease and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anemia, associated with CKD, is considered a non-traditional risk factor for CVD which may contribute to faster CKD progression. Anemia treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) seems to exert non-hematopoietic effects on different tissues and organs, including cardiovascular system and kidneys.

Lipoprotein Subfractions, Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective: We assessed cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and evaluated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and lipoprotein subfractions.

Methods: The study group consisted of 66 patients on dialysis and a control group of 25 healthy volunteers.

Combination drug versus monotherapy for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Introduction: Despite progress in the understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of organ cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, current treatment methods are insufficient. Experimental studies and clinical trials target at inhibition of cysts development and to slowing CKD progression.

Areas Covered: The purpose of this analysis is to overview available literature regarding treatment of ADPKD.

Impact of Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator on Selected Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Left Ventricle Structure and Function in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are very high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, left ventricle structure, and function in CKD.

Evaluation of Endothelial (dys)Function, Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is considered as a marker of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum ADMA, eNOS concentration and left ventricular structure and function in CKD patients and to assess the impact of the type of dialyzer on serum ADMA and eNOS concentrations after a haemodialysis (HD) session.

Impact of anemia treatment with methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta on polymorphonuclear cells apoptosis in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Some data in literature indicate increased apoptosis of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD), what seems to be connected with anemia. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, used in anemia treatment in CKD may affect cells apoptosis. Aim of this study was to investigate impact of anemia treatment with methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA) on PMNs apoptosis in predialysis patients with CKD.

Effect of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta on oxidative stress in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: There is data in the literature indicating increased oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESAs), which are commonly used to treat anemia in patients with CKD, seem to have an antioxidant action, which could be a part of nephroprotection. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a long half-life ESA, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Mircera), on some markers of oxidative stress in predialysis patients with CKD.

The influence of the pleiotropic action of erythropoietin and its derivatives on nephroprotection.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is traditionally described as a hematopoietic cytokine or growth hormone regulating proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid progenitors. The use of EPO in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was a milestone achievement in the treatment of anemia. However, EPO involves some degree of risk, which increases with increasing hemoglobin levels.

[Anti-inflammatory action of myoinositol in renal insufficiency].

Aim Of The Study: Release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotrien B4 (LTB4) in vitro by resting and PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) in the presence of three concentrations of myoinositol (30, 300, 600 micromol/l) was investigated.

Material And Methods: We examinated 10 uremic patients on regular hemodialysis treatment and 10 healthy subjects (control group).

Results: Release of PGE2 and LTB4 by resting and PHA-stimulated PBMNC was significantly lower in the presence of myoinositol in concentrations generally obserwed in the blood serum of chronic uraemic patients on regular hemodialysis treatment (600 micromol/l) in both investigated groups, while it remained unchanged in the presence of myoinositol in the concentration observed in normal blood serum (30 micromol/l).