Possible Impact of Peripheral Inflammatory Factors and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on Cognitive Functioning in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Richardson Syndrome (PSP-RS) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Predominant Parkinsonism (PSP-P).

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a tauopathic atypical parkinsonian syndrome. Recent studies suggest that inflammation may play a role in PSP pathogenesis, highlighting markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6. This study aimed to assess the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and psychological abnormalities in PSP-RS and PSP-P patients.

The possible connection between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio and cerebral perfusion in clinically established corticobasal syndrome: a pilot study.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are tauopathic atypical parkinsonisms. Given their overlap in terms of clinical manifestation, there is growing interest in the mechanisms leading to these entities.

Materials And Methods: In total, 71 patients were included in the study, 19 of whom were clinically diagnosed with CBS, 37 with PSP, and 15 with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Asymmetry in Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes-A Review.

Atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APSs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that differ from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) in their clinical presentation, underlying pathology, and response to treatment. APSs include conditions such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). These disorders are characterized by a combination of parkinsonian features and additional symptoms, such as autonomic dysfunction, supranuclear gaze palsy, and asymmetric motor symptoms.

The associations between common neuroimaging parameters of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in magnetic resonance imaging and non-specific inflammatory factors - pilot study.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy is an atypical parkinsonism based on tauopathic pathology. Growing interest is associated with the pathomechanism of this disease. Among theories analyzing this issue can be mentioned the one highlighting the significance of inflammation.

The potential significance of hepcidin evaluation in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Introduction: Hepcidin is a peptide associated with controlling the distribution of iron in tissues. Growing interest is linked with its impact on neurodegenerative diseases, as disruption of the iron regulation may be considered an initiatory element of pathological protein accumulation. The possible impact of hepcidin was not previously sufficiently explored in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Glucose Metabolism and Cognitive Decline in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: A Preliminary Study.

Multiple studies have analyzed the possible correlations between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Less is known about the context of cognitive deterioration among patients with atypical Parkinsonian syndromes and glucose metabolism impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the impaired glucose metabolism and cognitive decline among patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Clinical Phenotypes of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-The Differences in Interleukin Patterns.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical parkinsonian syndrome based on tau pathology; its clinical phenotype differs, but PSP with Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS) and the PSP parkinsonism predominant (PSP-P) variant remain the two most common manifestations. Neuroinflammation is involved in the course of the disease and may cause neurodegeneration. However, an up-to-date cytokine profile has not been assessed in different PSP phenotypes.

The Role of the Evans Index and the Maximal Width of the Frontal Horns of the Lateral Ventricles in the Diagnostic Imaging of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple-System Atrophy.

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Multiple-System Atrophy are entities within the spectrum of atypical parkinsonism. The role of imaging methods in the diagnosis and differentiation between PSP and MSA is limited and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is currently used as a reference modality. In this study, the authors examined a group of patients with atypical parkinsonism using a 1.

Role of orexin in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative parkinsonisms.

Introduction: The pathogenesis of parkinsonisms is not fully understood. Among possible factors which may influence the course of neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine abnormalities may be interpreted as having been underevaluated.

State Of The Art: Growing interest is associated with the role of neuropeptides such as orexin.

Inflammation in multiple system atrophy.

Misfolding protein aggregation inside or outside cells is the major pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Among proteinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases with atypical Parkinsonism and an accumulation of insoluble fibrillary alpha-synuclein (synucleinopathies) or hyperphosphorylated tau protein fragments (tauopathies). As there are no therapies available to slow or halt the progression of these disea ses, targeting the inflammatory process is a promising approach.

Sleep disturbances in progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are clinical manifestations of tauopathies. They are commonly associated with rapid motor and cognitive deterioration. Sleep disturbances are less frequently described as a feature of these diseases, though they are reported among 50-75% of PSP patients.

The Use of Cerebellar Hypoperfusion Assessment in the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy with Parkinsonism and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism Predominant.

The differential diagnosis of MSA-P and PSP-P remains a difficult issue in clinical practice due to their overlapping clinical manifestation and the lack of tools enabling a definite diagnosis ante-mortem. This paper describes the usefulness of SPECT HMPAO in MSA-P and PSP-P differentiation through the analysis of cerebellar perfusion of small ROIs. Thirty-one patients were included in the study—20 with MSA-P and 11 with PSP-P; the analysis performed indicated that the most significant difference in perfusion was observed in the anterior quadrangular lobule (H IV and V) on the left side (p < 0.

Could hyperlipidemia be a risk factor for corticobasal syndrome? - a pilot study.

Introduction: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a specific clinical manifestation shared by multiple pathologies. The exact mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Differential diagnosis of CBS in everyday clinical practice is challenging, as this syndrome can overlap with other entities, especially progressive supranuclear palsy Richardson-Steele phenotype (PSP-RS).

The Assessment of Subregions in the Frontal Lobe May Be Feasible in the Differential Diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism Predominant (PSP-P) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA).

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism Predominant (PSP-P) is associated with moderate responsiveness to levodopa treatment and a possible lack of typical PSP milestones. The clinical manifestation of PSP-P poses difficulties in neurological examination. In the early stages it is often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's Disease, and in the more advanced stages PSP-P shows more symptoms in common with Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonian type (MSA-P).

The Significance of Asymmetry in the Assessment of Brain Perfusion in Atypical Tauopathic Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are clinical manifestations of tauopathic Parkinsonian syndromes. Due to their overlapping symptomatology, the differential diagnosis of these entities may be difficult when bounded to clinical assessment. The manifestations are commonly associated with pathological entities-corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy, which are four-repeat tauopathies.

Is MRPI 2.0 More Useful than MRPI and M/P Ratio in Differential Diagnosis of PSP-P with Other Atypical Parkinsonisms?

Differential diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy remains difficult, especially when it comes to the parkinsonism predominant type (PSP-P), which has a more favorable clinical course. In this entity, especially during the advanced stages, significant clinical overlaps with other tauopathic parkinsonian syndromes and multiple system atrophy (MSA) can be observed. Among the available additional diagnostic methods in every-day use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) focused specifically on the evaluation of the mesencephalon seems to be crucial as it is described as a parameter associated with PSP.

Anti-IgLON5 Disease - The Current State of Knowledge and Further Perspectives.

Anti-IgLON5 disease is a relatively new neurological entity with the first cases reported in 2014. So far, less than 70 articles on this topic have been published. Due to its unspecific symptomatology, diverse progression, novelty and ambiguous character, it remains a difficulty for both clinical practitioners and scientists.

Differential Diagnosis of Rare Subtypes of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and PSP-Like Syndromes-Infrequent Manifestations of the Most Common Form of Atypical Parkinsonism.

Presently, there is increasing interest in rare PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy) variants, including PSP-PGF (PSP-progressive gait freezing), PSP-PI (PSP-postural instability), PSP-OM (PSP-ocular motor dysfunction), PSP-C (PSP-predominant cerebellar ataxia), PSP-CBS (PSP-corticobasal syndrome), PSP-SL (PSP-speech/language disorders), and PSP-PLS (PSP-primary lateral sclerosis). Diagnosis of these subtypes is usually based on clinical symptoms, thus thorough examination with anamnesis remains a major challenge for clinicians. The individual phenotypes often show great similarity to various neurodegenerative diseases and other genetic, autoimmune, or infectious disorders, manifesting as PSP-mimicking syndromes.

The Strengths and Obstacles in the Differential Diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism Predominant (PSP-P) and Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

Multiple System Atrophy-Parkinsonism Predominant (MSA-P) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism Predominant (PSP-P) are the clinical manifestations of atypical parkinsonism. Currently, there are no efficient in vivo methods available relating to neuroimaging or biochemical analysis in the examination of these entities. Among the advanced methods available, using positron emission tomography is constrained by high cost and low accessibility.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio may reflect differences in PD and MSA-P neuroinflammation patterns.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the usefulness of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in evaluating the inflammatory process in alpha-synucleinopathies.

Clinical Rationale For The Study: The role of neuroinflammation in PD and MSA pathogenesis is indisputable. However, there is no method available in everyday use that would enable its evaluation.