Cowpox: How dangerous could it be for humans? Case report.

Cowpox is a rare zoonosis transmitted to humans mainly from cats. The disease usually causes skin lesions; however, the ocular form may lead to other serious complications. We describe a case of cowpox in a rare location of the upper eyelid of an immunocompetent male, which lead to necrosis of the upper eyelid, keratitis and leucomatous opacity, and the neovascularization of the cornea.

Effect of Hyaluronic Acid/Trehalose in Two Different Formulations on Signs and Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: This randomized, observer-masked, crossover study investigated the effect of two hyaluronic acid/trehalose-based containing formulations, with different physical properties, on the signs and symptoms in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: In one group, patients received a mixture of sodium hyaluronate and trehalose (HT, Thealoz Duo®) for use during the day. In the other group, patients received a more viscous formulation consisting of hyaluronic acid, trehalose, and carbomer (HTC-gel, Thealoz Duo Gel) to use pro re nata.

Assessment of choroidal blood flow using laser speckle flowgraphy.

Background/aims: There is considerable interest in novel techniques to quantify choroidal blood flow (CBF) in humans. In the present study, we investigated a novel technique to measure CBF based on laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in healthy subjects.

Methods: This study included 31 eyes of 31 healthy, non-smoking subjects aged between 19 and 74 years.

Optic nerve head and retinal blood flow regulation during isometric exercise as assessed with laser speckle flowgraphy.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to investigate regulation of blood flow (BF) in the optic nerve head (ONH) and a peripapillary region (PPR) during an isometric exercise-induced increase in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in healthy subjects. For this purpose, a total of 27 subjects was included in this study. Mean blur rate in tissue (MT) was measured in the ONH and in a PPR as well as relative flow volume (RFV) in retinal arteries (ART) and veins (VEIN) using LSFG.

Retinal oxygen extraction in individuals with type 1 diabetes with no or mild diabetic retinopathy.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to compare retinal oxygen extraction in individuals with diabetes with no or mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers.

Methods: A total of 24 participants with type 1 diabetes and 24 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. Retinal oxygen extraction was measured by combining total retinal blood flow measurements using a custom-built bi-directional Doppler optical coherence tomography system with measurements of oxygen saturation using spectroscopic reflectometry.

Effect of different lubricant eye gels on tear film thickness as measured with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To compare the effect of a single drop of different lubricant eye gels on tear film thickness (TFT) as measured with ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: The study followed a randomized, single-masked, observer-blinded parallel group design. Patients received a single dose of either unpreserved trehalose 3% + hyaluronic acid 0.

Ocular Blood Flow Measurements in Healthy White Subjects Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility and reliability of Laser Speckle Flowgraphy (LSFG) to measure ocular perfusion in a sample of healthy white subjects and to elucidate the age-dependence of the parameters obtained.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 eyes of 80 healthy, non-smoking white subjects of Western European descent between 19 and 79 years of age. A commercial LSFG instrument was applied to measure ocular blood flow at the optic nerve head (ONH) three successive times before and after pharmacological pupil dilation.

Measurements of Retinal Perfusion Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy and Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: This study evaluated the validity of retinal perfusion measurements using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) by means of in vitro experiments and direct comparison with dual-beam Doppler optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) in a healthy Caucasian population.

Methods: The flow velocity of scattering solution pumped through a glass capillary was measured at 17 different flow velocities (range, 0.5-47 mm/s) using LSFG.

Effect of a Matrix Therapy Agent on Corneal Epithelial Healing After Standard Collagen Cross-linking in Patients With Keratoconus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Corneal abrasions are frequent after standard (epithelium-off [epi-off]) corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus. A new matrix therapy agent (ReGeneraTing Agent [RGTA]) has been developed to promote corneal wound healing.

Objective: To assess the effect of the new type of matrix therapy agent on corneal wound healing after epi-off CXL in patients with keratoconus.

Measurement of Retinal Vascular Caliber From Optical Coherence Tomography Phase Images.

Purpose: To compare retinal vessel calibers extracted from phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with vessel calibers as obtained from the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA).

Methods: Data from previously published studies in 13 healthy subjects breathing room air (n = 214 vessels) and 7 subjects breathing 100% oxygen (n = 101 vessels) were used. Vessel calibers from OCT phase images were measured vertically along the optical axis by three independent graders.