Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and drug related sarcoid-like reaction.

Sarcoid-like reaction is an immunological reaction that can affect lymph nodes and organs but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. Anti-CD20 auto-antibodies have been reported to be responsible for such reactions. There are several reported associations between Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Sarcoid-like reactions (SLR).

Efgartigimod efficacy and safety in refractory myasthenia gravis: UK's first real-world experience.

Background: We report our experience of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis (gMG) treated with efgartigimod, an neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, under the Early Access to Medicine Scheme (EAMS) in the UK.

Methods: Data from all UK patients treated with efgartigimod under the EAMS July 2022 to July 2023 were collected retrospectively. Efgartigimod was administered as per the ADAPT protocol (consisting of a treatment cycle of four infusions at weekly intervals with further cycles given according to clinical need).

Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies for glioma.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive adult glioma (16-month median survival). Its immunosuppressive microenvironment limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Objectives: To assess the effects of the ICIs antibodies anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) in treating adults with diffuse glioma.

Worldwide Prevalence and Demographic Predictors of Impacted Third Molars-Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Impacted teeth are a common phenomenon, in both young and adult populations, as extensively documented in the literature. This study aims to systematically assess the global prevalence of impacted third molars and to analyze their demographic predictors. The present review adheres to PRISMA guidelines and includes studies published until December 2023.

Inflammatory discoveries two years after acute severe COVID-19: a longitudinal biomarker profile assessment in long COVID individuals in the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: In SARS-CoV-2 infection, cytokines and laboratory biomarkers play a key role in disease progression and their long-term levels have been associated with the outcome of long COVID-19.

Objectives: I) study the levels of cytokines, hematological and biochemical biomarkers in the acute and post-acute phases of COVID-19 disease; and II) assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccine doses on fatigue symptoms.

Methods: This study is an exploratory cohort nested within a clinical and laboratory follow-up of surviving participants after pre-vaccine acute COVID-19 infection with severe clinical manifestations.

Beyond Fang's fury: a computational study of the enzyme-membrane interaction and catalytic pathway of the snake venom phospholipase A toxin.

Snake venom-secreted phospholipases A (svPLAs) are critical, highly toxic enzymes present in almost all snake venoms. Upon snakebite envenomation, svPLAs hydrolyze cell membrane phospholipids and induce pathological effects such as paralysis, myonecrosis, inflammation, or pain. Despite its central importance in envenomation, the chemical mechanism of svPLAs is poorly understood, with detrimental consequences for the design of small-molecule snakebite antidotes, which is highly undesirable given the gravity of the epidemiological data that ranks snakebite as the deadliest neglected tropical disease.

Genetic diversity of and field isolates from Honduras in the malaria elimination phase.

Malaria continues to be a major threat to public health in tropical regions, primarily affecting sub-Saharan Africa but also Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Malaria cases in Honduras have seen a significant decline and the country aims to eliminate the disease by 2030. This study examines the genetic diversity of and in Honduras using four molecular markers (, , , and ), and the chloroquine resistance marker in the context of the elimination phase.

Artificial intelligence in antimicrobial stewardship: a systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive performance and diagnostic accuracy.

The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance has prompted a need for more effective antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMS). Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools have emerged as potential solutions to enhance decision-making and improve patient outcomes in AMS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of AI in AMS and to assess its predictive performance and diagnostic accuracy.

Could CGRP mAbs for migraine trigger rheumatoid arthritis? Insights from a case report.

Background: Case reports suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) may trigger inflammatory flares in patients with autoimmune diseases.

Case Description: A 56-year-old woman with a history of severe migraines, experienced improvement in migraine frequency and intensity after starting fremanezumab 225 mg monthly. However, three months into treatment, she developed symmetric inflammatory polyarthralgias.

Tuberculosis Dactylitis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.

Tuberculosis (TB) dactylitis of the hand is a rare and challenging pathology, requiring positive bacterial identification through culture or biopsy for diagnosis. Treatment is also challenging, although it typically yields an excellent response to long-term tuberculostatic therapy. We describe a case of osteoarticular tuberculous dactylitis in a 36-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a history of lymphoma.

Survival after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in octogenarians.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of surgical repair acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) on survival of octogenarians.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for acute ATAAD from the multicenter European Registry of Type A Aortic Dissection (ERTAAD) were the subjects of the present analysis.

Results: 326 (8.

Large-scale proteogenomics characterization of microproteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis remains a burden to this day, due to the rise of multi and extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains. The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv underwent an annotation process that excluded small Open Reading Frames (smORFs), which encode a class of peptides and small proteins collectively known as microproteins. As a result, there is an overlooked part of its proteome that is a rich source of potentially essential, druggable molecular targets.

Bias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.

Positive secular trend in excess body weight in adolescents: A comparative study of 2007 and 2017/2018 data.

Background: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of excess weight in adolescents living in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017/2018 and assess associations with physical activity level, screen time, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted with adolescents (14 to 19 years old). The body mass index was calculated from measurements of body weight (kg) and height (m2).

DDO-adjuvanted influenza A virus nucleoprotein mRNA vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular type 1 immune responses and protects mice from challenge.

A challenge in viral vaccine development is to produce vaccines that generate both neutralizing antibodies to prevent infection and cytotoxic CD8 T-cells that target conserved viral proteins and can eliminate infected cells to control virus spread. mRNA technology offers an opportunity to design vaccines based on conserved CD8-targeting epitopes, but achieving robust antigen-specific CD8 T-cells remains a challenge. Here, we tested the viral-derived oligonucleotide DDO268 as an adjuvant in the context of a model influenza A virus (IAV) nucleoprotein (NP) mRNA vaccine in C57BL/6 mice.

Standard Versus Reduced CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: An Observational Multicenter Study.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the standard of care for hormone receptor (HR)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. However, the real-world efficacy and safety of standard versus reduced doses in elderly patients remain unclear. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of standard versus reduced doses of CDK4/6 inhibitors in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Predictive Factors of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape for metastatic breast cancer, offering targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents with improved efficacy and tolerability compared to conventional chemotherapy. This narrative review explores key predictive factors influencing the efficacy of ADCs, focusing on HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan, as well as sacituzumab govitecan for triple-negative breast cancer. HER2 expression, TROP-2 levels, hormone receptor status, and the tumor microenvironment emerge as critical biomarkers for patient selection and therapeutic outcomes.

Transcriptomic analysis and epigenetic regulators in human oocytes at different stages of oocyte meiotic maturation.

Human oocytes are highly specialized cells with the capacity to store and regulate mRNAs during oocyte maturation, in preparation for post-fertilization steps. Here we performed single-oocyte transcriptomic analysis of human oocytes in three meitoic maturation stages - Germinal Vesicle (GV; n = 6), Metaphase I (MI; n = 6) and Metaphase II (MII; n = 7). Single-oocyte transcriptomic analysis revealed that the total number of expressed genes progressively decreased from GV to MII stages, with 9660 genes being transcribed in GV, 8734 in MI and 5889 in MII.

The TLR7/8 agonist INI-4001 enhances the immunogenicity of a Powassan virus-like-particle vaccine.

Powassan virus (POWV) is a pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus that causes fatal neuroinvasive disease in humans. There are currently no approved therapies or vaccines for POWV infection. Here, we develop a POW virus-like-particle (POW-VLP) based vaccine adjuvanted with the novel synthetic Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist INI-4001.

-related disorder in 87 adults: Natural history and self-sustainability.

Purpose: is one of the most frequently mutated genes in intellectual disability cohorts. Thus, far few adult-aged patients with -related disorder have been described, which limits our understanding of the disease's natural history and our ability to counsel patients and their families.

Methods: Data on patients aged 18+ years with -related disorder were collected through an online questionnaire completed by clinicians and parents.

Molecular detection of Chlamydiales organisms in ruminant abortions in Brazil.

Infections caused by the Chlamydiales order are highly prevalent worldwide and have a well-known association with reproductive and non-reproductive disorders in livestock and humans. This study aimed to identify Chlamydiales organisms in ruminant abortions using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in samples collected from three Brazilian states: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. The Chlamydiales order was found in 7.

Safety and Efficacy of Tinostamustine in a Subpopulation of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma From a Phase I Trial.

A significant unmet need remains for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who fail to respond to first-line treatment or experience an early relapse. Tinostamustine, a novel alkylating deacetylase inhibitor, inhibits tumor cell growth and slows disease progression in models of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This was a Phase I, multicenter, open-label, two-stage trial investigating the safety and efficacy of tinostamustine in patients ≥ 18 years with relapsed/refractory (R/R) hematological malignancies, including HL.

Intervening conditions of the implementation of an Advanced Access Model: an implementation research.

Objective: To identify the conditions that interfere with the implementation of the Advanced Access model in primary health care.

Method: This is an implementation research that used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR provides a classification of factors that affect the implementation of a technology and comprises five domains: characteristics of the intervention, external environment, internal environment, individuals, and process.