Bayesian semiparametric inference in longitudinal metabolomics data.

The article is motivated by an application to the EarlyBird cohort study aiming to explore how anthropometrics and clinical and metabolic processes are associated with obesity and glucose control during childhood. There is interest in inferring the relationship between dynamically changing and high-dimensional metabolites and a longitudinal response. Important aspects of the analysis include the selection of the important set of metabolites and the accommodation of missing data in both response and covariate values.

The effectiveness and usability of online, group-based interventions for people with severe obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Long wait times, limited resources, and a lack of local options mean that many people with severe obesity cannot access treatment. Face-to-face group-based interventions have been found effective and can treat multiple people simultaneously, but are limited by service capacity. Digital group interventions could reduce wait times, but research on their effectiveness is limited.

Is gravidity associated with COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in Jamaica?

Introduction: In 2021, Jamaica's maternal mortality ratio doubled as a result of COVID-19-related deaths. Yet, COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant Jamaican women remained low. In the United States, COVID-19 vaccination is lower among pregnant women who have had multiple pregnancies (multigravidas) versus women who were pregnant for the first time (primigravidas).

Development of a group-based behaviour change intervention for people with severe obesity informed by the social identity approach to health.

Introduction: Interventions to support behaviour change in people living with chronic health conditions increasingly use patient groups as the mode of delivery, but these are often designed without consideration of the group processes that can shape intervention outcomes. This article outlines a new approach to designing group-based behaviour change interventions that prioritizes recipients' shared social identity as group members in facilitating the adoption of established behaviour change techniques (BCTs). The approach is illustrated through an example drawn from research focused on people living with severe obesity.

Which components of behavioral weight management programs are essential for weight loss in people living with obesity? A rapid review of systematic reviews.

The optimal treatment and organization of care for people with obesity is one of the greatest challenges facing today's health services. While surgery and pharmacotherapy offer effective treatment options for some people with obesity, behavioral interventions are important to support long-term behavioral change. However, little is known about the most effective components of behavioral interventions, and this is especially the case for people with complex or severe obesity (i.

What is known about the use of weight loss medication in women with overweight/obesity on fertility and reproductive health outcomes? A scoping review.

Pregnancy during or soon after treatment with weight loss medication, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), is contraindicated due to potential teratogenicity. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate what is known about the use of weight loss medication in women of childbearing age in relation to reproductive health outcomes, focusing on the three medications licenced in the United Kingdom at the time of the search. A systematic search of studies that assessed reproductive health outcomes in women taking either orlistat, liraglutide or semaglutide was undertaken in July 2023 and updated in January 2024 across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.

Blending Behavioural Theory and Narrative Analysis to Explore the Lived Experience of Obesity and Assess Potential Engagement in a UK Weight Management Service: Theory and Narrative Approaches in Weight Management.

Background: Current treatments for people with obesity emphasise the need for person-centred approaches that consider complex biopsychosocial factors and value the lived experience of people when attempting to lose weight.

Methods: Narrative interviews ( = 20) were conducted with people living with obesity to explore the causes of their weight gain and their expectations and engagement with treatment at a Weight Management Clinic. A mixed inductive and deductive qualitative analysis identified utterances that represented psychological constructs used to understand self-appraisal and health behaviour.

Outcomes of an integrated practice unit for vulnerable emergency department patients.

Background: An integrated practice unit (IPU) that provides a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, typically involving a primary care provider, registered nurse, social worker, and pharmacist has been shown to reduce healthcare utilization among high-cost super-utilizer (SU) patients or multi-visit patients (MVP). However, less is known about differences in the impact of these interventions on insured vs. uninsured SU patients and super high frequency SUs ([Formula: see text]8 ED visits per 6 months) vs.

Projected Life Expectancy Gains From Improvements in HIV Care in Black and White Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Importance: Substantial racial inequities exist across the HIV care continuum between non-Hispanic Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US.

Objectives: To project years of life gained (YLG) with improving the HIV care continuum among Black MSM and White MSM in the US and to determine the outcomes of achieving health equity goals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications microsimulation model was used and populated with 2021 race-specific data to simulate HIV care among Black MSM and White MSM in the US who have acquired HIV.

Need for open data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant people in the Caribbean: a call to action.

Pregnant people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared with pregnant people without COVID-19. In 2021, large increases in maternal mortality were reported in Jamaica, almost half of which were attributable to COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination has been shown to reduce these risks, but low- and middle-income countries lack free, publicly available data, known as open data, on COVID-19 vaccine uptake for their pregnant populations.

Executive Summary: Periprosthetic Joint Infection-Current Clinical Challenges.

Over the last several decades, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been increasing in incidence and is occurring in more complex patients. While there have been advances in both surgical and medical treatment strategies, there remain important gaps in our understanding. Here, we share our current approaches to the diagnosis and management of PJI, focusing on frequent clinical challenges and collaborative interdisciplinary care.

A Qualitative Exploration of Patient and Staff Experiences of the Receipt and Delivery of Specialist Weight Management Services in the UK.

Background: Addressing the increasing prevalence of obesity is a global public health priority. Severe obesity (body mass index > 40) reduces life expectancy, due to its association with people developing complications (e.g.

Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Current Clinical Challenges.

Over the last several decades, periprosthetic joint infection has been increasing in incidence and is occurring in more complex patients. While there have been advances in both surgical and medical treatment strategies, there remain important gaps in our understanding. Here, we share our current approaches to the diagnosis and management of periprosthetic joint infection, focusing on frequent clinical challenges and collaborative interdisciplinary care.

Factors Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Jamaica.

Background: Despite high rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related maternal mortality, Jamaica currently has little data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of 192 reproductive-aged women in Jamaica from February 1 to 8, 2022. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample of patients, providers, and staff at a teaching hospital.

CYP2E1 overexpression protects COS-7 cancer cells against ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a recently described form of regulated cell death initiated by the iron-mediated one-electron reduction of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) induction, a consequence of genetic polymorphisms or/and gene induction by xenobiotics, may promote ferroptosis by contributing to the cellular pool of LOOH. However, CYP2E1 induction also increases the transcription of anti-ferroptotic genes that regulate the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the main ferroptosis inhibitor.

Prognostic Mutational Signatures of NSCLC Patients treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy.

Different types of therapy are currently being used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the stage of tumor and the presence of potentially druggable mutations. However, few biomarkers are available to guide clinicians in selecting the most effective therapy for all patients with various genetic backgrounds. To examine whether patients' mutation profiles are associated with the response to a specific treatment, we collected comprehensive clinical characteristics and sequencing data from 524 patients with stage III and IV NSCLC treated at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist.

Dietary Intakes of Folate, Vitamin D and Iodine during the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Association between Supplement Use and Demographic Characteristics amongst White Caucasian Women Living with Obesity in the UK.

Folate, vitamin D and iodine are key micronutrients in pregnancy, with deficiency associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes. For folate and vitamin D especially, deficiency is more common amongst women with obesity and recommended intakes and guidance on supplementation varies worldwide. The present study aims to investigate dietary and supplementary intakes of these micronutrients amongst a population of pregnant women with obesity in the United Kingdom, alongside key maternal demographic characteristics.

A group-based behavioural intervention for weight management (PROGROUP) versus usual care in adults with severe obesity: a feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Approximately 15 million people in the UK live with obesity, around 5 million of whom have severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥35kg/m). Having severe obesity markedly compromises health, well-being and quality of life, and substantially reduces life expectancy. These adverse outcomes are prevented or ameliorated by weight loss, for which sustained behavioural change is the cornerstone of treatment.

Genetic Interaction between and Mutations Affect Retinal Disease Phenotypes.

and mutant mice share similar eye disease characteristics. Previously, studies established a functional relationship of ADIPOR1 and MFRP proteins in maintaining retinal lipidome homeostasis and visual function. However, the independent and/or interactive contribution of both genes to similar disease phenotypes, including fundus spots, decreased axial length, and photoreceptor degeneration has yet to be examined.

Fertility care expectations: what do PLHIV and health care providers in Jamaica know about assisted reproduction services for safe conception?

Increased life expectancy among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) has increased the desire for parenthood. It is therefore important that PLHIV and health care providers (HCPs) are aware of the available assisted reproduction services (ARS) for PLHIV facing infertility or unsuppressed viremia. Through secondary data analysis we identified PLHIV who were actively trying to conceive and their knowledge of ARS.