Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D - an understudied subfamily affected in sporadic TDP-43 proteinopathies.

Despite the recognition that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) modulate TDP-43 and can limit aberrant splicing events to compensate for TDP-43 loss, their role in TDP-43 proteinopathies remains poorly understood and studies in patient tissue are lacking. This study assesses seven heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins from the A/B, C, D and H subfamilies in two cortical regions implicated in early TDP-43 dysfunction versus late TDP-43 dysfunction in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Our results reveal significant nuclear loss of hnRNPD, hnRNPC and hnRNPA1 in the frontal cortex of frontotemporal lobar degeneration compared to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but not in the motor cortical neurons or Betz cells of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases.

Tropical teleconnections through the Amundsen Sea Low impact Antarctic toothfish recruitment within the Ross Gyre.

Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Ross Sea region are believed to spawn predominantly in the northern parts of the Ross Gyre during the austral winter with fluctuations in their recruitment observed. This Lagrangian modelling study attempts to explain these fluctuations and shows how sea-ice drift impacts the buoyant eggs and the overall recruitment of juveniles reaching the Amundsen shelf break. Interannual variations in the Amundsen Sea Low, linked to tropical sea surface temperatures, cause modulations in the sea-ice drift and subsequent recruitment.

Heterogeneity of cortical pTDP-43 inclusion morphologies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Despite the presence of significant cortical pTDP-43 inclusions of heterogeneous morphologies in patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), pathological subclassification is routinely performed in the minority of patients with concomitant frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Objective: In order to improve current understanding of the presence and relevance of pathological pTDP-43 subtypes in ALS, the present study examined the pattern of cortical pTDP-43 aggregates in 61 ALS cases without FTD.

Results: Based on the presence, morphology and composition of pTDP-43 pathology, three distinct ALS-TDP subtypes were delineated: (1) A predominant pattern of pTDP-43 granulofilamentous neuronal inclusions (GFNIs) and grains that were immuno-negative for p62 was identified in 18% of cases designated ALS-TDP type E; (2) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) that were immuno-positive for both pTDP-43 and p62 were observed in 67% of cases assigned ALS-TDP type B; and (3) scarce cortical pTDP-43 and p62 aggregates were identified in 15% of cases coined ALS-TDP type SC (scarce cortical).

Survival in sporadic ALS is associated with lower p62 burden in the spinal cord.

The autophagy marker p62 appears as a consistent component of pathological aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its modulation to facilitate protein degradation has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target. Importantly, recent studies have implicated diffuse phosphorylated TDP-43 inclusions that are immuno-negative for p62 in more rapid disease, highlighting the need for better understanding of p62 involvement in ALS pathogenesis. The present study set out to assess p62 pathology in the motor neurons of 31 patients with sporadic ALS that had either a short (<2 years) or longer (4-7 years) disease duration to determine its association with pTDP-43 pathology, motor neuron loss, and survival in sporadic disease.

Salp blooms drive strong increases in passive carbon export in the Southern Ocean.

The Southern Ocean contributes substantially to the global biological carbon pump (BCP). Salps in the Southern Ocean, in particular Salpa thompsoni, are important grazers that produce large, fast-sinking fecal pellets. Here, we quantify the salp bloom impacts on microbial dynamics and the BCP, by contrasting locations differing in salp bloom presence/absence.

CAUSE OF DEATH, PATHOLOGY, AND CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE STATUS OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) MORTALITIES IN WISCONSIN, USA.

White-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) are a critical species for ecosystem function and wildlife management. As such, studies of cause-specific mortality among WTD have long been used to understand population dynamics. However, detailed pathological information is rarely documented for free-ranging WTD, especially in regions with a high prevalence of chronic wasting disease (CWD).

Description of the new genus Tarsobaenus and three new species from Costa Rica (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae: Hydnocerini).

The new genus Tarsobaenus and three new speciesTarsobaenus letourneauae, T. piper and T. hansoniare described from Costa Rica.

Unravelling seasonal trends in coastal marine heatwave metrics across global biogeographical realms.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause dramatic changes to ecologically, culturally, and economically important coastal ecosystems. To date, MHW studies have focused on geographically isolated regions or broad-scale global oceanic analyses, without considering coastal biogeographical regions and seasons. However, to understand impacts from MHWs on diverse coastal communities, a combined biogeographical-seasonal approach is necessary, because (1) bioregions reflect community-wide temperature tolerances and (2) summer or winter heatwaves likely affect communities differently.

Plankton respiration in the Atacama Trench region: Implications for particulate organic carbon flux into the hadal realm.

Respiration is a key process in the cycling of particulate matter and, therefore, an important control mechanism of carbon export to the ocean's interior. Most of the fixed carbon is lost in the upper ocean, and only a minor amount of organic material sustains life in the deep-sea. Conditions are particularly extreme in hadal trenches, and yet they host active biological communities.

Viral Biomarkers for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence and Recurrence.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. The most common risk factor for developing HCC is chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Early stages of HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC) are generally asymptomatic.

Salvage NAD+ biosynthetic pathway enzymes moonlight as molecular chaperones to protect against proteotoxicity.

Human neurodegenerative proteinopathies are disorders associated with abnormal protein depositions in brain neurons. They include polyglutamine (polyQ) conditions such as Huntington's disease (HD) and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Overexpression of NMNAT/Nma1, an enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic salvage pathway, acts as an efficient suppressor of proteotoxicities in yeast, fly and mouse models.

Splenic T-cell lymphoma in a North American River Otter ().

Background: Splenic lymphoma is commonly reported in domestic ferrets (), but very rarely reported in wild species, including otters. One report described B-cell splenic lymphoma in an Asian small-clawed otter () that metastasized and was the primary reasoning for humane euthanasia (Stedman and Mills, 2014).

Case Description: The current report describes a case of splenic T-cell lymphoma in a captive North American river otter ().

Chronic CNS-mediated cardiometabolic actions of leptin: potential role of sex differences.

Previous studies using male rodents showed the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts in the brain to regulate cardiovascular function, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. The importance of sex differences in cardiometabolic responses to leptin, however, is still unclear. We examined potential sex differences in leptin's chronic central nervous system (CNS)-mediated actions on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), appetite, and glucose homeostasis in normal and type 1 diabetic rats.

A qualitative analysis of diagnostic testing, antibiotic selection, and quality improvement interventions for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Background: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) can often be diagnosed based solely on symptoms and should be treated with a short course of narrow spectrum antibiotics. However, clinicians often order urine analyses and prescribe long courses of broad spectrum antibiotics.

Objective: The objectives of our study are: 1) Understand how primary care providers and residents clinically approach UTIs and 2) to understand specific opportunities, based on provider type, to target future antibiotic stewardship interventions.

High mercury levels in Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni from the Southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.

Mercury is a bioaccumulating toxic pollutant which can reach humans through the consumption of contaminated food (e.g. marine fish).

In search for potential antidiabetic compounds from natural sources: docking, synthesis and biological screening of small molecules from . (Goji).

Current clinical antidiabetic drugs, like rosiglitazone , have been implicated in some serious side effects like edema, weight gain, and heart failure, making it necessary to find alternative agents. Partial agonists of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) were determined to possess improved insulin sensitivity without undeseirable side-effects when compared to full agonists of PPARγ, like rosiglitazone . The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants, Goji ( and ) are widely used for treating symptoms related to various diseases including diabetes and hypertension.

Diet of six deep-sea grenadiers (Macrouridae).

Feeding habits of six deep-sea demersal trawl-caught macrourids on Chatham Rise, New Zealand, were examined from stomach contents during the austral summer. Three species were predominantly benthic foragers: smallbanded rattail Coelorinchus parvifasciatus on small epifaunal crustaceans, twosaddle rattail Coelorinchus biclinozonalis on epifaunal decapods and humpback rattail Coryphaenoides dossenus on benthic fishes and epifaunal decapods. Three species were predominantly benthopelagic foragers: banded rattail Coelorinchus fasciatus on hyperiid and gammarid amphipods and calanoid copepods, blackspot rattail Lucigadus nigromaculatus on small epifaunal crustaceans and suprabenthic mysids and Mahia rattail Coelorinchus matamua on epifaunal decapods and calanoid copepods.

Multidecade Mortality and a Homolog of Hepatitis C Virus in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the National Bird of the USA.

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) once experienced near-extinction but has since rebounded. For decades, bald eagles near the Wisconsin River, USA, have experienced a lethal syndrome with characteristic clinical and pathological features but unknown etiology. Here, we describe a novel hepacivirus-like virus (Flaviviridae: Hepacivirus) identified during an investigation of Wisconsin River eagle syndrome (WRES).

Recurrent Subcutaneous Teratoma in an Adult Red-crowned Amazon Parrot ().

An approximately 42-year-old, wild-caught, red-crowned Amazon parrot () was evaluated for a subcutaneous mass to the right of the keel. Cytologic examination of a fine needle aspirate of the mass were suggestive of granulomatous inflammation. The mass was surgically excised, and the parrot was treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Case-control study of risk factors for granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs.

Objective: To identify environmental and other variables associated with a diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) in dogs.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: 31 dogs that received a histologic diagnosis of GME (case dogs) from January 2003 to January 2014 and 91 age- and breed-matched dogs.

Biomarkers of oxidative stress as an assessment of the redox status of the liver in dogs.

Background: Oxidative stress is associated with a diverse group of liver disorders across species.

Objectives: Determine whether glutathione (GSH) concentration in plasma and red blood cells correlates with liver GSH concentration in dogs and evaluate whether other markers of systemic oxidative stress, plasma vitamin E and urine 8-isoprostanes/creatinine (F -IsoPs/Cr) concentrations, correlate with liver GSH.

Animals: Thirty-four client-owned dogs undergoing clinically indicated liver biopsy and 15 healthy control dogs.

Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in a harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) with suspected fenbendazole toxicosis.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old 4.1-kg (9.02-lb) male harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) was evaluated because of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss (decrease of 0.

STAT3 Expression and Activity are Up-Regulated in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma of Dogs.

Background: The Janus Kinase (JAK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in humans, and up-regulated STAT3 expression and activity are associated with worse clinical outcome in humans. No studies have evaluated the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in DLBCL of dogs.

Hypothesis: STAT3 pathway is deregulated in DLBCL in dogs.