Butyrate Protects against Clostridium difficile Infection by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is caused by a prevalent nosocomial enteric pathogen, leading to high morbidity and mortality. CDI recurrence after antibiotic treatment is high; therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutics against this enteric pathogen. Butyrate is used to treat many diseases because it provides energy, has anti-inflammatory properties, and maintains intestinal barrier function.

Treatment with butyrate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium and Clostridium difficile-induced colitis by preventing activity of Th17 cells via regulation of SIRT1/mTOR in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are particularly vulnerable to infection with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).Available treatments of IBD with CDI have not effective. Butyrate, the metabolites of microbiota, plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and potential drugs for treatment of IBD with CDI.

Effect of metformin in autistic BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J mice administered a high-fat diet.

The biological mechanisms linking diet-related obesity and autism-related behaviors remain unclear. We aimed to characterize these interactions, focusing on gut microbiota, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, and autistic behaviors in an animal model for autism; a high-fat diet (HFD) BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mouse. In this model, we also examined the medication effects of metformin (Met) which is known to ameliorate several symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Metformin Alleviates Autistic-Like Behaviors Elicited by High-Fat Diet Consumption and Modulates the Crosstalk Between Serotonin and Gut Microbiota in Mice.

The biological mechanisms linking diet-related obesity and autistic behaviors remain unclear. Metformin has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of many syndromes, including autism spectrum disorder. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether metformin treatment could ameliorate metabolic and behavioral alterations in C57BL/6 mice kept on a high-fat diet (HFD), and whether these changes were related to modifications in the gut microbiota and 5-HT levels.

Metformin Exerts Anti-inflammatory and Mucus Barrier Protective Effects by Enriching Akkermansia muciniphila in Mice With Ulcerative Colitis.

The present study aimed to determine if metformin exerts anti-inflammatory and mucus-protective effects the gut microbiota. Metformin has extensive benefits including anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies showed that metformin changed the gut microbiota composition and increases the number of goblet cells.

Effects of non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri combining with 14-day standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Viable probiotics have shown effects on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, but the role of non-viable probiotics in H. pylori eradication is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648 combining with 14-day standard triple therapy on H.