Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine to reduce Visceral Pain During elective Cesarean Section Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine as supplemental analgesia in reducing intraoperative visceral pain during elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA).

Patients And Methods: A total of 269 parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section under CSEA between May 2023 and August 2023 were assessed. The parturients were randomly allocated to receiving either intravenous infusion of 0.

Deep neural network for the prediction of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genotypes in left-sided colorectal cancer based on histopathologic images.

Background: The KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genotypes are critical for selecting targeted therapies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Here, we aimed to develop a deep learning model that utilizes pathologic whole-slide images (WSIs) to accurately predict the status of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF.

Methods: 129 patients with left-sided colon cancer and rectal cancer from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were assigned to the training and testing cohorts.

Simultaneous cholecystectomy for asymptomatic gallstones during elective colorectal cancer surgery.

Background: Asymptomatic gallstones are commonly detected using preoperative imaging in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but its management remains a topic of debate.

Methods: Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients who had asymptomatic gallstones presenting during the colorectal procedure were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records, including postoperative morbidity, mortality, and long-term gallstone-related diseases, were assessed.

Association between preoperative systemic immune inflammation index and postoperative sepsis in patients with intestinal obstruction: A retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: Sepsis is a severe complication that results in increased morbidity and mortality after intestinal obstruction surgery. This study examined the role of preoperative systemic immune inflammation index (SII) for postoperative sepsis in intestinal obstruction patients.

Methods: Data on patients who underwent intestinal obstruction surgery were collected.

Erratum: Exosomes Released by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion via the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35369.

Association between intraoperative dexmedetomidine and all-cause mortality and recurrence after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer: Follow-up analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been widely applied in the anesthesia and sedation of patients with oncological diseases. However, the potential effect of DEX on tumor metastasis remains contradictory. This study follows up on patients who received intraoperative DEX during laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer as part of a previous clinical trial, examining their outcomes 5 years later.

Culture media from hypoxia conditioned mast cells aggravates hypoxia and reoxygenation injury of human intestinal cells.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common clinical and pathological change; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory response induced by mast cell degranulation may be involved in the mechanism underlying II/R injury in rats. In this study, we established a human intestinal epithelial adenocarcinoma cell (Caco-2) hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model and transwell system to investigate the effects of culture media (CM) from hypoxia conditioned human mast cell (HMC-1) and HMC-1 H/R on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in Caco-2 under H/R conditions.

High-performance 1-10 THz integrating sphere.

The SPICA far-infrared instrument (SAFARI), one of instruments of the space infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics, requires a calibration source assembly to calibrate the transition edge sensor readout circuits. A high-performance integrating sphere working at SAFARI wavelength (34-230 µm) is essential. A novel process for preparing terahertz integrating spheres was developed.

MicroRNA files in the prevention of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by hydrogen rich saline.

Background: Hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) has been proven effective against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, knowledge on the underlying signaling events remain poor. Having recent highlight of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating intestinal I/R injury, we hypothesized that HRS may protect intestine against I/R injury by regulating miRNAs.

Preventive effect of dexmedetomidine on postictal delirium after electroconvulsive therapy: A randomised controlled study.

Background: Postictal delirium (PID) is a relatively common complication following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Objective: We investigated whether prophylactic dexmedetomidine administration would safely decrease the incidence of PID in psychiatric patients after ECT.

Design: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Exosomes Released by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion via the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a primary component of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes triggered by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) which results in high mortality. Existing treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown considerable promise as a biological therapy for ALI in preclinical studies.

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), one of the major active saponins isolated from ginseng, has recently been reported to protect various organs against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury; however, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects following intestinal IR (IIR) remain unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of GRb1 on IIR injury and determine the mechanisms involved in these effects. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 75 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 3 h of reperfusion.

Resveratrol Suppresses Gut-Derived NLRP3 Inflammasome Partly through Stabilizing Mast Cells in a Rat Model.

Background: Inflammatory responses induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) lead to serious systemic organ dysfunction and pose a challenge for current treatment. This study aimed at investigating the effects of resveratrol on IIR-induced intestinal injury and its influence on mast cells (MCs) in rats.

Methods: Rats subjected to intestinal ischemia for 60 min and 4 h of IIR were investigated.

Preservation of Denonvilliers' fascia for nerve-sparing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: A neuro-histological study.

Urogenital complications due to pelvic autonomic nerve damage frequently occur following rectal surgery. We investigated whether total mesorectal excision (TME) with preservation of the Denonvilliers' fascia (DVF) can effectively prevent the removal of pelvic autonomic nerves through microscopy. Twenty consecutive male patients with mid-low rectal cancer who received TME with preservation or resection of the Denonvilliers' fascia (P and R groups, respectively) were included.

Intravenous Anesthetic Protects Hepatocyte from Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Cellular Apoptosis during Liver Transplantation .

Background: Liver transplantation leads to liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting in early graft dysfunction and failure. Exacerbations of oxidative stress and inflammatory response are key processes in the development of liver I/R injury. Intravenous anesthetic propofol potent effects on free radical scavenging and protects livers against I/R injury.

Prevalence and risk factors for hypokalemia in patients scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal resection and its association with post-operative recovery.

Background: Perioperative serum potassium levels are closely associated with postoperative clinical outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of our retrospective study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for preoperative hypokalemia (before pneumoperitoneum) and to evaluate the influence of preoperative hypokalemia on the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal resection from November 11 2014 to October 20 2016, were considered for inclusion.

Automated Bright Field Segmentation of Cells and Vacuoles Using Image Processing Technique.

Understanding the mechanisms and other variants of programmed cell death will help provide deeper insight into various disease processes. Although complex procedures are required to distinguish each type of cell death, the formation of vacuoles is one of the important features in some process of cell death under different conditions. Thus, monitoring and counting the number of vacuoles and the ratio of cells with vacuoles is a commonly used method to indicate and quantify the efficacy of the therapy.

Dexmedetomidine restores septic renal function via promoting inflammation resolution in a rat sepsis model.

Background: Acute kidney injury occurred after sepsis, resulting in high mortality. This research aims to elucidate the mechanistic effect of DEX on the renal inflammation resolution during sepsis in rats.

Methods: The rats were randomly divided into a sham group and the other three cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model groups, based on different treatments: placebo, DEX and 2-adrenergic receptor (AR) inhibitor atipamezole (AT) treatment (DEX + AT) groups.

Amantadine attenuates sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction possibly not through inhibiting toll-like receptor 2.

Unlabelled: Amantadine has been shown to reduce anesthesia and surgery-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. It is known that sepsis can impair brain function. We determined whether amantadine-attenuated sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory and whether toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in the effects.

Dexmedetomidine improves gastrointestinal motility after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: To investigate the effects of intraoperative application of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on early gastrointestinal motility after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized double-blind investigation, 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer were randomly allocated to receive Dex (DEX group, n = 30) or saline (CON group, n = 30). In the DEX group, Dex was loaded (1 μg/kg) before anesthesia induction and was infused (0.

[Injection of methylene blue into inferior mesenteric artery improves lymph node harvest in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy].

Objective: To confirm the feasibility of improving lymph node harvest by injecting methylene blue into inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: Forty two ex vivo specimens were collected from rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant therapy and radical operation at our hospital. Traditional method with palpation and injection of methylene blue into inferior mesenteric artery were employed.

Dexmedetomidine Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB Activation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats.

Patients who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation often sustain acute kidney injury(AKI). The toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) pathway plays a role in AKI. Dexmedetomidine(Dex) has been shown to attenuate AKI.

Intestinal mucosal injury induced by tryptase-activated protease-activated receptor 2 requires β-arrestin-2 in vitro.

Tryptase exacerbates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, however, the direct role of tryptase in intestinal mucosal injury and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR‑2), commonly activated by tryptase, interacts with various adaptor proteins, including β‑arrestin‑2. The present study aimed to determine whether tryptase is capable of inducing intestinal mucosal cell injury via PAR‑2 activation and to define the role of β‑arrestin‑2 in the process of injury.

[Laparoscopic versus open mesh rectopexy for total rectal prolapse].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus open mesh rectopexy for total rectal prolapse.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for 34 patients undergoing laparoscopic versus open mesh rectopexy for total rectal prolapse between January 2006 and December 2013.

Results: Laparoscopic rectopexy (n = 15) and open surgery (n = 19) were performed.

Modified methylene blue injection improves lymph node harvest in rectal cancer.

Background: The presence of nodal metastases in rectal cancer plays an important role in accurate staging and prognosis, which depends on adequate lymph node harvest. The aim of this prospective study is to investigate the feasibility and survival benefit of improving lymph node harvest by a modified method with methylene blue injection in rectal cancer specimens.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-one patients with rectal cancer were randomly assigned to the control group in which lymph nodes were harvested by palpation and sight, or to the methylene blue group using a modified method of injection into the superior rectal artery with methylene blue.