Generation of self-organized sensory ganglion organoids and retinal ganglion cells from fibroblasts.

Neural organoids provide a powerful tool for investigating neural development, modeling neural diseases, screening drugs, and developing cell-based therapies. Somatic cells have previously been reprogrammed by transcription factors (TFs) into sensory ganglion (SG) neurons but not SG organoids. We identify a combination of triple TFs Ascl1, Brn3b/3a, and Isl1 (ABI) as an efficient means to reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into self-organized and networked induced SG (iSG) organoids.

Simultaneous Profiling of mRNA Transcriptome and DNA Methylome from a Single Cell.

Single-cell transcriptome and single-cell methylome analysis have successfully revealed the heterogeneity in transcriptome and DNA methylome between single cells, and have become powerful tools to understand the dynamics of transcriptome and DNA methylome during the complicated biological processes, such as differentiation and carcinogenesis.Inspired by the success of using these single-cell -omics methods to understand the regulation of a particular "-ome," more interests have been put on elucidating the regulatory relationship among multiple-omics at single-cell resolution. The simultaneous profiling of multiple-omics from the same single cell would provide us the ultimate power to understand the relationship among different "-omes," but this idea is not materialized for decades due to difficulties to assay extremely tiny amount of DNA or RNA in a single cell.

Multimodal imaging of the retina and choroid in healthy Macaca fascicularis at different ages.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the morphological features of the retina and choroid in Macaca fascicularis of different ages using multimodal imaging.

Methods: A total of 27 Macaca fascicularis with no ocular diseases were studied (mean age, 104.2 months; range, 1.

Fasudil inhibits LPS-induced migration of retinal microglial cells via regulating p38-MAPK signaling pathway.

Purpose: To investigate the effect and possible molecular mechanisms of fasudil on retinal microglial (RMG) cell migration.

Methods: Primary cultured RMG cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), fasudil, and/or SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor). RMG cell motility was determined with the scratch wound assay and the Transwell migration assay.