Chitosan nanoparticles alleviate chromium toxicity by modulating metabolic homeostasis and promoting chromium sequestration in Zea mays L.

Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been proposed as a potential alternative in alleviating chromium (Cr) toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of CSNPs on carbon/nitrogen metabolism, cell wall Cr binding capacity, and antioxidant activity in Zea mays L.

Effect of Brassinolide on Soil Microorganisms in Millet Field Polluted by Tribenuron-Methyl.

Tribenuron-methyl is used to control broad-leaved weeds and has a promising application prospect in millet fields. However, its negative impact on soil ecology cannot be ignored. Brassinosteroids have been widely reported to enhance plant resistance to stress, but information on brassinosteroids for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils is limited.

, Encoding a Heterosis-Related MYB Transcription Factor, Confers Drought Tolerance in .

Drought is a major limiting factor affecting grain production. Drought-tolerant crop varieties are required to ensure future grain production. Here, 5597 DEGs were identified using transcriptome data before and after drought stress in foxtail millet () hybrid and its parents.

The relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality of high-quality foxtail millet "Jingu 21".

The commercial quality of foxtail millet grain (Setaria italica L.) includes appearance quality, functional quality, and cooking and eating quality, which directly determine whether consumers will purchase the product. We studied the relationship between ecological factors and commercial quality attributes of foxtail millet "Jingu 21" from twelve production areas.

Identification of genes reveals that regulates primary root growth.

B3 is a class of plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in plant development and growth. Here, we identified 69 B3 transcription factors in that were unevenly distributed across all five chromosomes. The ARF, REM, LAV, and RAV subfamilies were grouped based on sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships.

The Growth, physiological and biochemical response of foxtail millet to atrazine herbicide.

Foxtail millet ( L.) is a vital crop that is planted as food and fodder crop around the globe. There is only limited information is present for abiotic stresses on the physiological responses to atrazine.

Identification of GATA Transcription Factors in and Functional Characterization of in Drought Tolerance and Response to Gibberellins.

GATA transcription factors (TFs) are type IV zinc-finger proteins that have roles in plant development and growth. The 27 GATA TFs identified in the genome in this study were unevenly distributed across all five chromosomes and classified into four subgroups. Phylogenesis-related GATAs shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs.

Effect of γ' Phase Elements on Oxidation Behavior of Nanocrystalline Coatings at 1050 °C.

To study the effect of γ' phase elements on the oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline coatings, two comparable nanocrystalline coating systems were established and prepared by magnetron sputtering. The oxidation experiments of the nanocrystalline coatings on the K38G and N5 superalloys were carried at 1050 °C for 100 h, respectively. The chemical composition of the above coatings is the same as the substrate alloy, including the γ' elements, such as Al, Ta, and Ti.

[Safety evaluation of allelochemical derivative pyrone on different millet varieties].

The development of new herbicides based on allelochemicals is a potential strategy of weed control in arable field. Pyrone, a novel derivative of tricin, has significant inhibitory effects on weeds. Its safety for crops, especially for millet that are sensitive to commercial herbicides, is still poorly understood.

An investigation into the beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms of humic acid on foxtail millet under drought conditions.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of humic acid (HA) on foxtail millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) under drought conditions. The rainless climate of the Shanxi Province (37°42'N, 112°58'E) in China provides a natural simulation of drought conditions.

Identification and evolution of C photosynthetic pathway genes in plants.

Background: NADP-malic enzyme (NAPD-ME), and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) are important enzymes that participate in C photosynthesis. However, the evolutionary history and forces driving evolution of these genes in C plants are not completely understood.

Results: We identified 162 NADP-ME and 35 PPDK genes in 25 species and constructed respective phylogenetic trees.

Comprehensive evaluation of fluroxypyr herbicide on physiological parameters of spring hybrid millet.

Foxtail millet ( L.) is an important food and fodder crop that is cultivated worldwide. Quantifying the effects of herbicides on foxtail millet is critical for safe herbicide application.

Comparative Genomics Analysis in Grass Species Reveals Two Distinct Evolutionary Strategies Adopted by R Genes.

Resistance genes play an important role in the defense of plants against the invasion of pathogens. In Setaria italica and closely related grass species, R genes have been identified through genetic mapping and genome-wide homologous/domain searching. However, there has been to date no systematic analysis of the evolutionary features of R genes across all sequenced grass genomes.

Transcriptomic studies reveal a key metabolic pathway contributing to a well-maintained photosynthetic system under drought stress in foxtail millet ( L.).

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet ( L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production.

Association of yield-related traits in founder genotypes and derivatives of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Yield improvement is an ever-important objective of wheat breeding. Studying and understanding the phenotypes and genotypes of yield-related traits has potential for genetic improvement of crops.

Results: The genotypes of 215 wheat cultivars including 11 founder parents and 106 derivatives were analyzed by the 9 K wheat SNP iSelect assay.

Spraying Brassinolide improves Sigma Broad tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) through modulation of antioxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity.

To explore the role of Brassinolide (BR) in improving the tolerance of Sigma Broad in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), effects of 0.1 mg/L of BR foliar application 24 h before 3.

A Combined Association Mapping and Linkage Analysis of Kernel Number Per Spike in Common Wheat ( L.).

Kernel number per spike (KNPS) in wheat is a key factor that limits yield improvement. In this study, we genotyped a set of 264 cultivars, and a RIL population derived from the cross Yangmai 13/C615 using the 90 K wheat iSelect SNP array. We detected 62 significantly associated signals for KNPS at 47 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci through genome-wide association analysis of data obtained from multiple environments.

Grain Yield and Quality of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) in Response to Tribenuron-Methyl.

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is cultivated around the world for human and animal consumption. There is no suitable herbicide available for weed control in foxtail millet fields during the post-emergence stage.

Increasing Selenium and Yellow Pigment Concentrations in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Grain with Foliar Application of Selenite.

Although addition of selenium (Se) is known to increase Se in crops, it is unclear whether exogenous Se is linked to nutritional and functional components in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). In this study, we examined the potential of increasing Se and yellow pigment (YP) in foxtail millet grain by foliar application of Se.

Photosynthetic physiological response of Radix Isatidis (Isatis indigotica Fort.) seedlings to nicosulfuron.

Radix Isatidis (Isatis indigotica Fort.) is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicine plants. However, there is no suitable herbicide used for weed control in Radix Isatidis field during postemergence stage.

[High expression of thymosin alpha 1 by injecting recombinant PVX vector into the tomato fruit].

For expression of foreign genes in plant, plant virus vector provides many advantages, such as high expression level, short expression period and wider plant hosts. In the present study, we report the expression of thymosin alpha 1 (Talpha1) in tomato fruits by potato virus X (PVX) vector. Talpha1 gene fragment from plasmid pGEM-T containing Talpha1 gene was cloned into plant virus vector pGR107 and the resulting pGR107-Talpha1 plasmid was confirmed by digestion with Sal I and Cla I.

[Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils in Haihe River and Haihe Estuary area, China].

Levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in soils along Haihe River and in Haihe Estuary area. 31 surface soil samples were collected on August 2007, and they were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction. The HCHs and DDTs contents in soils were determined by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD).