PARP inhibitor and immune checkpoint inhibitor have synergism efficacy in gallbladder cancer.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) target PARP enzymes and have shown efficacy in patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed cancer treatment.

Clinical application of V-shaped folded submental flap in the repair of oral defect.

Objectives: The repair of small and medium-sized defects in the oral has always been a challenge, free skin flap and distal pedicled tissue flaps are difficult to meet clinical needs, and the traditional under-chin flap has the risk of donor-area injury. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of V-shaped folded submental flap in the repair of small-sized and medium-sized oral defects.

Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with oral defect lesions, who were hospitalized in the Department of Stomatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2019 to December 2022, were retrospectively analyzed.

Clinical application of double V-Y advancement mucosal flap to repair tongue defect.

Objectives: The repair of small- and medium-sized defects in the oral tongue has always been a challenge, and the effect of free flap and distal pedicle flap is still far from satisfactory. Tongue flap is an ideal choice for repairing small- and medium-sized defects. However, the disadvantages such as poor local morphology restricts the development of this operation.

Radiolytic Water Splitting Sensitized by Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks.

High-energy radiation that is compatible with renewable energy sources enables direct H production from water for fuels; however, the challenge is to convert it as efficiently as possible, and the existing strategies have limited success. Herein, we report the use of Zr/Hf-based nanoscale UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks as highly effective and stable radiation sensitizers for purified and natural water splitting under γ-ray irradiation. Scavenging and pulse radiolysis experiments with Monte Carlo simulations show that the combination of 3D arrays of ultrasmall metal-oxo clusters and high porosity affords unprecedented effective scattering between secondary electrons and confined water, generating increased precursors of solvated electrons and excited states of water, which are the main species responsible for H production enhancement.

Systematic Analysis of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Reveals the Effects of Xuefu-Zhuyu Decoction on the Hippocampi of Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common neurosurgical diseases and refers to brain function impairment or brain pathological changes induced by external causes. A traditional Chinese medicine, Xuefu-Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD), has been indicated to harbor therapeutic properties against TBI. Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs, that is, tsRNAs (a group of small RNAs derived from tRNAs), are multifunctional regulatory noncoding RNAs generated under pressure and implicated in the progression of TBI.

Shaoyao Gancao Decoction Ameliorates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy via Suppressing TRPV1 and TLR4 Signaling Expression in Rats.

Purpose: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is increasingly becoming one of the most widespread adverse effects in the treatment of cancer patients, and further precipitate neuroinflammation in the nervous system. Interestingly, Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (SGD), a traditional Chinese analgesic prescription, has emerged as a primary adjuvant to chemotherapy in relieving side effects, especially in the case of PIPN. However, the underlying mechanism of SGD functioning in PIPN remains elusive.

Radiolytic Approach for Efficient, Selective and Catalyst-free CO Conversion at Room Temperature.

The present study proposes a new approach for direct CO conversion using primary radicals from water irradiation. In order to ensure reduction of CO into CO by all the primary radiation-induced water radicals, we use formate ions to scavenge simultaneously the parent oxidizing radicals H and OH producing the same transient CO radicals. Conditions are optimized to obtain the highest conversion yield of CO .

Novel Functions of CD147 in the Mitochondria Exacerbates Melanoma Metastasis.

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by rapid invasion and metastasis. CD147 is known to be functioning in cell invasion. In this study, we showed that CD147 was translocated from the cell membrane to the mitochondria in advanced melanoma.

Author Correction: Directed self-assembly of herbal small molecules into sustained release hydrogels for treating neural inflammation.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Preliminary application and evaluation of autograft reconstruction of parotid duct defect with submandibular gland duct for buccal cancer.

We aimed to preserve parotid function in patients with buccal carcinoma by applying a new surgical protocol based on reconstruction of parotid ductal defect with submandibular gland ductal. The aim of this study is to introduce the method of autologous submandibular gland duct reconstruction for the treatment of parotid duct defect in buccal carcinoma, and to evaluate its clinical application in follow-up. A total of 28 patients with buccal carcinoma who underwent buccal and neck combined with radical surgery and vascularized flap transplantation were enrolled.

The Efficacy and Safety of Submandibular Transcatheter Perfusion Anesthesia in Submandibular Gland Surgery.

The present study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effects of the combined use of submandibular transcatheter perfusion with lingual nerve block and subcutaneous infiltration for anesthetic purposes during submandibular gland surgery. A total of 38 patients with benign tumors, who had undergone resection by submandibular gland surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A were administered with submandibular anesthesia through catheter perfusion, lingual nerve block, and subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia.

Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Licorice Extract and Paclitaxel: A Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats.

Background And Objectives: Licorice is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (Leguminosae), which is often used with paclitaxel to alleviate paclitaxel-induced pain in clinics. However, the herb-drug interaction between licorice and paclitaxel is still unknown. Our study evaluates the effects of oral licorice on the paclitaxel in rats via pharmacokinetic studies.

Chaihu-Shugan-San Reinforces CYP3A4 Expression via Pregnane X Receptor in Depressive Treatment of Liver-Qi Stagnation Syndrome.

s. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal prescription for treating depression. However, the underlying mechanism of the Chinese syndrome-specific efficacy of CSS is poorly understood.

Directed self-assembly of herbal small molecules into sustained release hydrogels for treating neural inflammation.

Self-assembling natural drug hydrogels formed without structural modification and able to act as carriers are of interest for biomedical applications. A lack of knowledge about natural drug gels limits there current application. Here, we report on rhein, a herbal natural product, which is directly self-assembled into hydrogels through noncovalent interactions.

Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix) provides the main contribution to Shaoyao-Gancao decoction on enhancements of CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression via pregnane X receptor pathway in vitro.

Background: Chinese herbal formula Shaoyao Gancao decoction (SGD) is often used as an adjuvant with chemotherapeutic agents to treat cancer. Due to the herb-drug interactions, the alternations of drug metabolic enzyme and drug transporters induced by SGD deserve to be explored. We aimed to investigate the effect of SGD on the pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated transcriptional regulation of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and drug transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) in vitro.

Design study of an YBCO-coated beam screen for the super proton-proton collider bending magnets.

In order to reduce the beam impedance and refrigeration power dramatically, we have designed a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coated beam screen to screen the cold chamber walls of the super proton-proton collider bending magnets from beam-induced heat loads. It employs an absorber, inspired by the future circular collider studies, to absorb the immense synchrotron radiation power of 12.8 W/m emitted from the 37.

Metabolomics reveals the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction on plasma metabolism in rats with acute traumatic brain injury.

Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZY), an important traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been reported effective on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. However, its cerebral protection mechanism has not been clarified at the metabolic level. This work aims to explore the global metabolic characteristics of XFZY in rats during the acute phase of TBI on days 1 and 3.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis and Reduces Chemotherapy Resistance in Mutant p53 Lung Cancer Cells.

Background/aims: Lung cancer (LC) continues to be one of the most prevalent cancers around the world. During this study we aimed to investigate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of mutant p53 LC cells.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was employed to help determine the p53 mutation status of cancer cells from 92 primary LC patients, who were subsequently assigned to either the mutant p53 (n = 39) or wild-type p53 group (n = 53).

TUSC3 induces autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

We investigated the effects of tumor suppressor candidate 3 () on autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. A total of 118 NSCLC patients (88 males and 30 females) who underwent surgery at our institute were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TUSC3 protein expression was lower in NSCLC specimens than adjacent normal tissue.

Rhein and rhubarb similarly protect the blood-brain barrier after experimental traumatic brain injury via gp91 subunit of NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress chiefly contributes to the disruption of the BBB following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Chinese herbal medicine rhubarb is a promising antioxidant in treating TBI. Here we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments to determine whether rhubarb and its absorbed bioactive compound protected the BBB after TBI by increasing ZO-1 expression through inhibition of gp91 subunit of NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK/MMP-9 pathway.

Pretreatment of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction () alters pharmacokinetics of intravenous paclitaxel in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (, SGD) on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered paclitaxel in rats.

Methods: Paclitaxel was intravenously administered to rats (3 mg/kg) with or without the concomitant administration of SGD (752 mg/kg, a single day or 14 consecutive days pretreatment). The paclitaxel in the serum was quantified using a simple and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the pharmacokinetic study.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A exerts antioxidant effects in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.

Free radical-induced oxidative damage occurs rapidly and is of primary importance during the secondary pathophysiological cascades of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a constituent of the flower petals of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes following TBI. The present study aimed to identify HSYA in the brain tissues of rats exposed to TBI to determine its absorption and to investigate the underlying effects of HSYA on antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissues of TBI rats.

Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine, provides neuroprotection in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via an anti-inflammatory pathway.

Neuroinflammation is central to the pathology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZY) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine to treat TBI. To elucidate its potential molecular mechanism, this study aimed to demonstrate that XFZY functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.

Traditional Chinese medicine Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair induce bidirectional effects on gastric motility in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair (ZQHPHP), composed of Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao [ZQ] in Chinese) and Magnolia officinalis (Houpu [HP] in Chinese), is a traditional herbal formula that has been extensively used for treating gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and possible mechanism of ZQHPHP on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC).

Materials And Methods: This study includes four parts: (a) study of ZQHPHP's effect on GE; (b) study of ZQHPHP's effect on gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC); (c) comparing the effects of ZQHPHP, ZQ and HP on GASMC; (d) study of antagonists or agonists on ZQHPHP-induced GASMC.