Recent Advances in Functional Hydrogels for Treating Dental Hard Tissue and Endodontic Diseases.

Oral health is the basis of human health, and almost everyone has been affected by oral diseases. Among them, endodontic disease is one of the most common oral diseases. Limited by the characteristics of oral biomaterials, clinical methods for endodontic disease treatment still face large challenges in terms of reliability and stability.

In vitro efficacy of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation versus passive ultrasonic irrigation and sonic-powered irrigation for treating multispecies biofilms in artificial grooves and dentinal tubules: an SEM and CLSM study.

Background: Multispecies biofilms located in the anatomical intricacies of the root canal system remain the greatest challenge in root canal disinfection. The efficacy of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation techniques for treating multispecies biofilms in these hard-to-reach areas has not been proved. The objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation techniques, namely, photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), in treating multispecies biofilms within apical artificial grooves and dentinal tubules, in comparison with conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and sonic-powered irrigation (EDDY).

Dual-Fuel Propelled Nanomotors with Two-Stage Permeation for Deep Bacterial Infection in the Treatment of Pulpitis.

Bacterial infection-induced inflammatory response could cause irreversible death of pulp tissue in the absence of timely and effective therapy. Given that, the narrow structure of root canal limits the therapeutic effects of passive diffusion-drugs, considerable attention has been drawn to the development of nanomotors, which have high tissue penetration abilities but generally face the problem of insufficient fuel concentration. To address this drawback, dual-fuel propelled nanomotors (DPNMs) by encapsulating L-arginine (L-Arg), calcium peroxide (CaO ) in metal-organic framework is developed.

Enhancing NIR-II Imaging and Photothermal Therapy for Improved Oral Cancer Theranostics by Combining TICT and Aggregation-Induced Emission.

In the treatment process of cancers like oral cancer, it is necessary to employ extensive surgical resection to achieve cancer eradication. However, this often results in damage to crucial functions such as chewing and speaking, leading to a poorer prognosis and a reduced quality of life. To address this issue, a multifunctional theranostic agent named MBPN-T-BTD has been developed by precisely modulating the excitation state energy distribution in the radiative/nonradiative decay pathways using the characteristics of twisted intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission.

Adverse birth outcomes among offspring born to women diagnosed with cancer: a population-based cohort study.

Background: With increasing cancer incidence and survival rates, the prevalence of maternal cancer and its effect on adverse birth outcomes are important for prenatal care and oncology management. However, the effects of different types of cancer at different gestational stages have not been widely reported.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of pregnancy-associated cancers (during and 1 year after pregnancy) and evaluate the association between adverse birth outcomes and maternal cancers.

Cleaning and Disinfecting Oval-Shaped Root Canals: Ex Vivo Evaluation of Three Rotary Instrumentation Systems with Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation.

: Successful root canal treatment depends on the thorough removal of biofilms through chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cleaning and disinfecting efficiency of oval-shaped root canals using XP-endo Shaper (XPS), ProTaper Next (PTN), and HyFlex CM (HCM) in combination with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). : Ninety extracted teeth were contaminated and randomly divided into three groups: XPS, PTN, and HCM.

3D Extruded Graphene Thermoelectric Threads for Self-Powered Oral Health Monitoring.

Flexible sensors play a crucial role in intelligent electronic devices, while strain-sensing is the fundamental feature for these sensors of different fields. Therefore, developing high-performance flexible strain sensors is essential for building the next generation of smart electronics. Here, a self-powered ultrasensitive strain sensor based on graphene-based thermoelectric composite threads through a simple 3D extrusion method is reported.

Risk Scoring Systems for Predicting the Presence of Colorectal Neoplasia by Fecal Immunochemical Test Results in Chinese Population.

Introduction: Adherence to colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is low in general populations, including those tested positive in the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Developing tailored risk scoring systems by FIT results may allow for more accurate identification of individuals for colonoscopy.

Methods: Among 807,109 participants who completed the primary tests in the first-round Shanghai CRC screening program, 71,023 attended recommended colonoscopy.

Deciphering the impact of urban built environment density on respiratory health using a quasi-cohort analysis of 5495 non-smoking lung cancer cases.

Introduction: Lung cancer is a major health concern and is influenced by air pollution, which can be affected by the density of urban built environment. The spatiotemporal impact of urban density on lung cancer incidence remains unclear, especially at the sub-city level. We aimed to determine cumulative effect of community-level density attributes of the built environment on lung cancer incidence in high-density urban areas.

Chronic pain and its correlates among long-term breast cancer survivors.

Purpose: Chronic pain is a common symptom affecting quality of life for breast cancer survivors. However, its prevalence and correlate factors in long-term breast cancer survivors, particularly Asian women, are understudied. The reported study is to address these knowledge gaps.

UACA locus is associated with breast cancer chemoresistance and survival.

Few germline genetic variants have been robustly linked with breast cancer outcomes. We conducted trans-ethnic meta genome-wide association study (GWAS) of overall survival (OS) in 3973 breast cancer patients from the Pathways Study, one of the largest prospective breast cancer survivor cohorts. A locus spanning the UACA gene, a key regulator of tumor suppressor Par-4, was associated with OS in patients taking Par-4 dependent chemotherapies, including anthracyclines and anti-HER2 therapy, at a genome-wide significance level ([Formula: see text]).

Local bone metabolism balance regulation via double-adhesive hydrogel for fixing orthopedic implants.

The effective osteointegration of orthopedic implants is a key factor for the success of orthopedic surgery. However, local metabolic imbalance around implants under osteoporosis condition could jeopardize the fixation effect. Inspired by the bone structure and the composition around implants under osteoporosis condition, alendronate (A) was grafted onto methacryloyl hyaluronic acid (H) by activating the carboxyl group of methacryloyl hyaluronic acid to be bonded to inorganic calcium phosphate on trabecular bone, which is then integrated with aminated bioactive glass (AB) modified by oxidized dextran (O) for further adhesion to organic collagen on the trabecular bone.

Improved risk scoring systems for colorectal cancer screening in Shanghai, China.

Background: An optimal risk-scoring system enables more targeted offers for colonoscopy in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. This analysis aims to develop and validate scoring systems using parametric and non-parametric methods for average-risk populations.

Methods: Screening data of 807,695 subjects and 2806 detected cases in the first-round CRC screening program in Shanghai were used to develop risk-predictive models and scoring systems using logistic-regression (LR) and artificial-neural-network (ANN) methods.

Adherence to colonoscopy in cascade screening of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: This study aims to systematically evaluate adherence to colonoscopy and related factors in cascade screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) among average-risk populations, which is crucial to achieve the effectiveness of CRC screening.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies published in English up to October 16, 2020, and reporting the adherence to colonoscopy following positive results of initial screening tests. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to estimate pooled adherence and 95% confidence intervals.

Nut consumption in association with overall mortality and recurrence/disease-specific mortality among long-term breast cancer survivors.

High nut consumption is associated with reduced total and certain cause-specific mortality in general populations. However, its association with cancer outcomes among long-term breast cancer survivors remains unknown. We examined the associations of nut consumption (including peanuts and tree nuts), assessed at 5-year postdiagnosis, with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among 3449 long-term breast cancer survivors from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, applying Cox regression analysis.

Increasing Gap Between Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Urban Shanghai, China: An Analysis Spanning 43 Years.

Objective: To examine the secular trends of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the proportion of thyroid cancer cases potentially attributable to overdiagnosis.

Methods: Data on thyroid cancer cases from 1973 to 2015 were obtained from the Shanghai Cancer Registry. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was evaluated using the joinpoint regression analysis.

Prediction models for breast cancer prognosis among Asian women.

Background: Robust and reliable prognosis prediction models have not been developed and validated for Asian patients with breast cancer, a rapidly growing yet understudied population in the United States.

Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, a population-based prospective cohort study (n = 5042), to develop prediction models for 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The initial models considered age at diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor size, number of positive nodes, TNM stage, chemotherapy, tamoxifen therapy, and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status.

Road Traffic and Urban Form Factors Correlated with the Incidence of Lung Cancer in High-density Areas: An Ecological Study in Downtown Shanghai, China.

The incidence of lung cancer is affected by air pollution, especially in high-density urban areas with heavy road traffic and dense urban form. Several studies have examined the direct relationship between lung cancer incidence and road traffic as well as urban form. However, the results are still inconsistent for high-density urban areas.

MicroRNA-374b inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating CCND1 and TGFA genes.

Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in breast cancer development. We recently reported that a higher expression of miR-374b in tumor tissues was associated with a better disease-free survival of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the functional significance and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of miR-374b in breast cancer are largely unknown.

Association between lincRNA expression and overall survival for patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important regulators for pathogenesis and/or prognosis of breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. However, few previous studies used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology, and none included an independent replication.

Methods: To systematically evaluate the association between expression of lincRNAs and TNBC survival, we examined lincRNA expression profiles in TNBC tissues using RNA-Seq data for 200 TNBC patients from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study (SBCSS) and Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

A peptide-based aggregation-induced emission bioprobe for selective detection and photodynamic killing of Gram-negative bacteria.

Herein, we report a new bioprobe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics by conjugation of a far-red/near-infrared emissive AIE luminogen and two polymyxinB peptides. Due to the strong binding effect between polymyxin B and the lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, the bioprobe can selectively visualize Gram-negative bacteria and effectively kill them via photodynamic treatment.

Distinctive lung cancer incidence trends among men and women attributable to the period effect in Shanghai: An analysis spanning 42 years.

Background: Many previous studies reported secular trend of lung cancer incidence and mortality, but little is known about the possible reasons for these trends.

Methods: Data were obtained from Shanghai Cancer Registry. Age-standardized rates were calculated and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were evaluated by Joinpoint regression.

Accelerated aging in breast cancer survivors and its association with mortality and cancer recurrence.

Purpose: To prospectively investigate accelerated aging and its association with total mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality/recurrence among breast cancer survivors.

Methods: This study included 4218 female breast cancer patients enrolled into a population-based cohort study approximately 6-month post-diagnosis. Information on aging-related symptoms (i.

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations among Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors and Cancer Outcome Associations.

Background: Adherence to dietary recommendations has been shown to be associated with reduced mortality in healthy populations. Little is known about the possible benefits of adherence to dietary recommendations among breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Dietary information was collected using food frequency questionnaires at the 5-year postdiagnosis survey in 3,450 5-year breast cancer survivors from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study.

Incidence and Mortality of Sarcomas in Shanghai, China, During 2002-2014.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare but deadly malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the incidence and mortality of sarcomas in Shanghai during 2002-2014. Data were from Shanghai Cancer Registry.