Microbial collagenases: an updated review on their characterization, degradation mechanisms, and current applications.

Collagen, recognized as a fundamental protein present in biological tissues and structures, plays a crucial role in maintaining organ structure and tissue integrity. Microbial collagenases are specific for the degradation of collagen. The specific three-stranded helix region of natural collagen can be identified and hydrolyzed by microbial collagenases under physiological conditions, producing collagen peptides with high physiological activity.

Lipoteichoic Acid from HOM5301 Modulates the Immune Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

(formerly ) has been increasingly utilized as an immunomodulatory probiotics. Oral administration of HOM5301 significantly boosted both innate and adaptive immunity in mice, particularly by increasing the phagocytic capacity of monocytes/macrophages. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in Gram-positive bacteria, exhibits differential immunomodulatory effects due to its structural heterogeneity.

Metallothionein: A Comprehensive Review of Its Classification, Structure, Biological Functions, and Applications.

Metallothionein is a cysteine-rich protein with a high metal content that is widely found in nature. In addition to heavy metal detoxification, metallothionein is well known as a potent antioxidant. The high sulfhydryl content of metallothionein confers excellent antioxidant activity, enabling it to effectively scavenge free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress damage.

The Progress of the Biotechnological Production of Class IIa Bacteriocins in Various Cell Factories and Its Future Challenges.

Class IIa bacteriocins produced in lactic acid bacteria are short cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity. In the search for new biopreservation agents, class IIa bacteriocins are considered to be the best potential candidates, not only due to their large abundance but also because of their high biological activity and excellent thermal stability. However, regulated by the biosynthetic regulatory system, the natural class IIa bacteriocin yield is low, and the extraction process is complicated.

Matrix Metalloproteinase and Aortic Aneurysm: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Studies have linked matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to both thoracic aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA and AAA). The precise MMPs entailed in this procedure, however, were still unknown. This study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to look into the causal relationship between MMPs and the risk of TAA and AAA.

Microbial Fermentation Processes of Lactic Acid: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Prospects.

The demand for lactic acid and lactic acid-derived products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is increasing year by year. In recent decades, the synthesis of lactic acid by microbials has gained much attention from scientists due to the superior optical purity of the product, its low production costs, and its higher production efficiency compared to chemical synthesis. Microbial fermentation involves the selection of feedstock, strains, and fermentation modes.

Complete Genome Sequencing Revealed the Potential Application of a Novel PL-W Production with Promising Bacteriocins in Food Preservative.

is an important potential probiotic with dual characteristics of and . This study describes a novel PL-W with excellent antibacterial activity isolated from Mongolian traditional cheese, in which safety and probiotic potential were evaluated by complete genome sequencing. The crude bacteriocins of PL-W showed antibacterial activity against various foodborne pathogens, including CMCC 54,004, ATCC 14,579, and ATCC 25,923.

On demand regulation of blood glucose level by biocompatible oxidized starch-Con A nanogels for glucose-responsive release of exenatide.

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term chronic disease characterized by abnormal high level blood glucose (BG). An artificial closed-loop system that mimics pancreatic β-cells and releases insulin on demand has potential to improve the therapeutic efficiency of diabetes. Herein, a lectin Concanavalin A modified oxidized starch nanogel was designed to regulate glucose dynamically according to different glucose concentrations.

Development of a Multifunctional Edible Coating and Its Preservation Effect on Sturgeon () Fillets during Refrigerated Storage at 4 °C.

Although many coatings and films can improve the quality and shelf life of fish fillets during refrigerated storage, a more multifunctional coating material is needed. In this study, an edible alginate/protein-based coating solution was prepared by incorporating antimicrobial agents. The coating properties were characterized and its effects on the quality and shelf life of sturgeon fillets during refrigeration (4 °C) were investigated.

Unraveling the Effects of Biochemical Drivers on the Bacterial Communities and Volatile Profiles in Refrigerated Sturgeon Filets at 4°C.

Spoilage bacteria seriously influence the flavor and quality of fish meat. In this study, we investigated the quality characteristics, bacterial community, and volatile profiles of refrigerated (4°C) sturgeon filets during 10-day storage. On day 10, the refrigerated samples showed the lowest bacterial diversity and the largest difference in microbiota and biochemistry.

Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation.

Synergistic Inhibition of Plantaricin E/F and Lactic Acid Against LPL-1 Reveals the Novel Potential of Class IIb Bacteriocin.

Unlabelled: Plantaricin E/F (PlnEF) is a pair of two-component class IIb bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. PlnEF commonly displays potent antimicrobial activity against certain Gram-positive organisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic activity of PlnEF combined with lactic acid against Gram-negative food and aquaculture potential pathogen LPL-1, which is naturally resistant to PlnEF.

A novel bioactive postbiotics: from microbiota-derived extracellular nanoparticles to health promoting.

In recent years, the emerging concern regarding safety issues associated with live bacterial cells is enhancing the interest in using cell components and metabolites derived from microbiota. Therefore, the term "postbiotics" is increasingly found in food microbiology, food scientific and commercial products. Postbiotics is defined as non-viable microorganisms or their components that provide benefits to the host.

Structural analysis and anti-cancer activity of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate from hybrid sturgeon cartilage.

Low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (CS) has attracted widespread attention due to its better bioavailability and bioactivity than native CS. In this study, a low-molecular-weight CS (named SCS-F2) was prepared from hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii × Huso dauricus) cartilage by enzymatic depolymerization with high in vitro absorption and anti-cancer activity. The structure of SCS-F2 was characterized and the in vivo biodistribution and colorectal cancer prevention effect was investigated.

Novel Bio-Based Materials and Applications in Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Recent Advances and Future Trends.

Food microbial contamination not only poses the problems of food insecurity and economic loss, but also contributes to food waste, which is another global environmental problem. Therefore, effective packaging is a compelling obstacle for shielding food items from outside contaminants and maintaining its quality. Traditionally, food is packaged with plastic that is rarely recyclable, negatively impacting the environment.

Identification of the Specific Spoilage Organism in Farmed Sturgeon () Fillets and Its Associated Quality and Flavour Change during Ice Storage.

Hybrid sturgeon, a popular commercial fish, plays important role in the aquaculture in China, while its spoilage during storage significantly limits the commercial value. In this study, the specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) from ice stored-sturgeon fillet were isolated and identified by analyzing their spoilage related on sensory change, microbial growth, and biochemical properties, including total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and proteolytic degradation. In addition, the effect of the SSOs on the change of volatile flavor compounds was evaluated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Bioactive peptides identified from enzymatic hydrolysates of sturgeon skin.

Background: Recent studies demonstrate that fish byproducts can be used as sources of bioactive peptides for functional foods. Sturgeon skin contains abundant proteins but it has commonly been discarded during sturgeon processing. The objective of the present work was to identify and characterize the bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysates of sturgeon skin.

The Regulatory Network of Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate on Colorectal Cancer Inhibition by Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a food-derived bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which exists in animal cartilage and/or bone. Sturgeon, a type of cartilaginous fish, is rich in CS. Our recent study demonstrated the effect of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) on reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation.

Salt Replacement Changed the Bacterial Community Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of Sodium-Reduced Fermented Sausages during Fermentation and Ripening.

The impact on fermented sausages with 25% replacement of the sodium chloride content by 14% potassium chloride, 10% calcium ascorbate and 1% calcium glutamate during fermentation and ripening was evaluated based on the bacterial community composition and physicochemical and sensory characteristic analysis. Our results showed that the use of salt replacement varied the composition of the bacterial community and reduced the diversity of that in sodium-reduced fermented sausages. Moreover, the decrease in pH and the moisture content of fermented sausages with salt replacement accelerated the drying and ripening processes.

The complete genome sequence of LPL061, an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium.

LPL061, which shows strong exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing capacity, was isolated from carnations in Beijing, China. The complete genome of LPL061 comprised a single circular chromosome (3,907,268 bp; G+C content of 46.7%) with 3,737 coding DNA sequences, 26 rRNA, and 89 tRNA.

Sturgeon ()-Derived Chondroitin Sulfate Suppresses Human Colon Cancer HCT-116 Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Proliferation and Inducing Apoptosis.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), mainly present in the cartilage and bone of animals, is known as a potential food-derived bioactive that has several biological functions, such as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity. Sturgeon (), an important fishery resource in China, contains an abundance of CS in their cartilage. In our previous study, we have extracted and purified CS from sturgeon cartilage.

Complete genome sequence of LPL-K103, an antifungal cyclic lipopeptide bacillomycin L producer from the surface of lemon.

LPL-K103, which shows strong antifungal function, was isolated from the surface of lemon in Beijing, China. The complete genome of LPL-K103 contains a circular chromosome of 3,933,292 bp (46.61% G+C content).

The complete genome sequence of subsp. 01 and its integral components of antioxidant defense system.

The strain 01, isolated from centenarians, showed promising antioxidant potential in our previous studies. In this study, the genome information on strain 01 and the important antioxidant components are presented. The complete genome comprises a single circular chromosome (1,931,632 bp; 60.

Heterogeneity in respiratory electron transfer and adaptive iron utilization in a bacterial biofilm.

In Bacillus subtilis, robust biofilm formation requires large quantities of ferric iron. Here we show that this process requires preferential production of a siderophore precursor, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, instead of the siderophore bacillibactin. A large proportion of iron is associated extracellularly with the biofilm matrix.