Application of Improved U-Net Convolutional Neural Network for Automatic Quantification of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

Objectives: The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is a biomarker for quantifying diabetic macular ischemia (DMI), to automate the identification and quantification of the FAZ in DMI, using an improved U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) and to establish a CNN model based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images for the same purpose.

Methods: The FAZ boundaries on the full-thickness retina of 6 × 6 mm en face OCTA images of DMI and normal eyes were manually marked. Seventy percent of OCTA images were used as the training set, and ten percent of these images were used as the validation set to train the improved U-Net CNN with two attention modules.

Microvascular Structure Changes After Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection in Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients With and Without Macular Ischemia.

To investigate the changes in the macular microvascular structure after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients with and without macular ischemia. A total of 39 patients were divided into the macular ischemia group ( = 22) and the nonischemia group ( = 17) at baseline. All the patients received an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab with a 3+ pro re nata (PRN) regimen.

A novel glaucomatous representation method based on Radon and wavelet transform.

Background: Glaucoma is an irreversible eye disease caused by the optic nerve injury. Therefore, it usually changes the structure of the optic nerve head (ONH). Clinically, ONH assessment based on fundus image is one of the most useful way for glaucoma detection.

A novel frameshift mutation in the PITX2 gene in a family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome using targeted exome sequencing.

Background: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that is characterized by specific abnormalities of the anterior segment of the eye. Heterozygous mutations in two developmental transcription factor genes PITX2 and FOXC1 have been identified within ARS patients, accounting for 40 to 70% of cases. Our purpose is to describe clinical and genetic findings in a Chinese family with ARS.

A novel mutation in gene in autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome and macular degeneration in a Chinese consanguineous family.

Aim: To report a novel mutation in gene in a Chinese consanguineous family with common Marfan syndrome (MFS) phenotype and an unusual bilateral macular degeneration.

Methods: Ophthalmic, cardiovascular and systemic examinations were performed, and genomic DNA extracted from all living family members. The 24-32 exon mutations of gene were screened by Sanger Sequencing in all family members and 100 unrelated healthy Chinese individuals.

Region-segmentation strategy for Bruch's membrane opening detection in spectral domain optical coherence tomography images.

Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) is an important biomarker in the progression of glaucoma. Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), cup-to-disc ratio in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and lamina cribrosa depth based on BMO are important measurable parameters for glaucoma diagnosis. The accuracy of measuring these parameters is significantly affected by BMO detection.

Retinal vessel optical coherence tomography images for anemia screening.

Anemia is a disease that leads to low oxygen carrying capacity in the blood. Early detection of anemia is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases. We find that retinal vessel optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of patients with anemia have abnormal performance because the internal material of the vessel absorbs light.

The Comparison of Regional RNFL and Fundus Vasculature by OCTA in Chinese Myopia Population.

Purpose: To determine the correlations between peripapillary vessel density, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, and myopic indices at retina quadrants with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in Chinese.

Methods: Fifty-six subjects with a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of -3.63 ± 0.

A frameshift mutation in the CHM gene causes choroideremia with acute angle‑closure glaucoma.

Choroideremia is an X‑linked recessive chorioretinal degenerative disease that is characterized by progressive centripetal loss of the photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choriocapillaris layers. The CHM gene [choroideremia (Rab escort protein 1)] has been identified as the pathogenic gene in choroideremia. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with choroideremia family.

Histopathology and treatment of a huge overhanging filtering bleb.

Background: The giant filtering bleb encroaching onto the corneal surface is a rare occurrence in our and other's clinical experience (Kapoor and Syed, Int. Ophthalmol 31(5):403-404, 2011), even in patients having had a trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, and how it developed is debated. In this paper, we report a patient who developed a huge overhanging filtering bleb after trabeculectomy, and present our intraoperative photographs, histopathology and immunohistochemistry results.

CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN RELATION TO ETHNICITY MEASURED USING ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To investigate the posterior choroidal thickness in healthy subjects of three different ethnicities.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, the choroidal thickness of 88 individuals (176 eyes) was measured using enhanced depth imaging-spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured between the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex and chorioscleral interface.

Bilateral impending macular holes after a high-voltage electrical shock injury and its surgical outcome: a case report.

Introduction: A macular hole is a rare complication after high-voltage electrical shock injury and only a few cases have been reported to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral impending macular holes after high-voltage electrical shock.

Case Presentation: We report a case of bilateral impending macular holes in a 39-year-old male Chinese patient who sustained a high-voltage electrical shock three months prior to presentation.

Rosiglitazone inhibits TGF-β 1 induced activation of human Tenon fibroblasts via p38 signal pathway.

Purpose: Transdifferentiation of human Tenon fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix is a key step in the scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery. The p38 signaling pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, and its upstream regulators and downstream molecules are widely distributed in the eye. We aimed to investigate the role of p38 in the activation of Tenon fibroblasts and that of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of rosiglitazone in the modulation of the p38 signaling pathway.

Detection of underdiagnosed concurrent branch retinal artery occlusion in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Background: Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported. This case report, aside from reporting the above-mentioned condition, highlights the importance of performing spectral domain optical coherence tomography in establishing a complete diagnosis, especially in uncertain and complicated cases. We also present spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of a case of combined unilateral simultaneous central retinal vein and branch retinal artery occlusion.

Branch retinal artery occlusion associated with photodynamic therapy in a circumscribed choroidal haemangioma.

We report a case with retinal arteriole occlusion after a single photodynamic therapy (PDT). A 33-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity of the right eye, 20/200, for four months. Diagnosed as circumscribed choroidal haemangioma (CCH), he was treated with the PDT.

Diagnosis and treatment of myopic traction maculopathy.

In recent years, the broad application of optical coherence tomography and vitrectomy, combined with research efforts in maculopathy in high myopia have provided many achievements, such as the new classification of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). Here, we review the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MTM, including its conception, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical stages, and the options for surgical treatment.

[Ocular surface injury resulted from topical anti-glaucoma medications: prevention and cure].

The accumulating evidences from experimental and clinical studies suggested that the ocular surface could be injured by topical anti-glaucoma medications. The ocular surface injury not only caused dry eyes, red eye, eye itching, photophobia and other discomforts, but also increased the risk of failure of glaucoma surgery in patients. The commonly used preservative Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK) plays an important role in ocular surface damage and its side effects are dose- and time-dependent, particularly, in the combined medications.

Repeatability and agreement of CCT measurement in myopia using entacam and ultrasound pachymetry.

Aim: To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement by entacam, and agreement of CCT measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry (USP) in Chinese myopia. Thereby investigate the possibility of Pentacam as a substitute for USP in CCT measurement before refractive surgery. The effects of corneal curvature measured by Pentacam on CCT were also evaluated.

Assessment of intraocular pressure measured by Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer, Goldmann Applanation Tonometry, and Dynamic Contour Tonometry in healthy individuals.

Aim: To investigate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) as measured by a Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), as well as the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP as measured by ORA, Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT).

Methods: A total of 158 healthy individuals (296 eyes) were chosen randomly for measurement of IOP. After CCT was measured using A-ultrasound (A-US), IOP was measured by ORA, GAT, and DCT devices in a randomized order.

A Chinese family with Oguchi's disease due to compound heterozygosity including a novel deletion in the arrestin gene.

Purpose: Oguchi's disease is a rare autosomal recessive disease and known to be caused by mutations in the rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) gene or the arrestin (SAG) gene. SAG contains 16 exons and encodes a protein with 405 amino acids. This study was to identify the underlying genetic defects in a non-consanguineous Chinese family with Oguchi's disease.