Metabolomics reveals changes in levels of fecal branched chain amino acids and organic acids in very preterm infants fed human milk fortified with bovine colostrum.

Background & Aims: Human milk is the optimal diet for very preterm infants (VPIs), but it requires nutrient fortification to support growth. Bovine colostrum (BC), rich in intact proteins and bioactive components, could serve as a novel fortifier with potential benefits to VPIs gut health. To evaluate a possible effect of feeding BC on intestinal metabolism, the gut microbiota, and their interaction, we studied the fecal metabolome of VPIs in the first month of life, as compared with a conventional fortifier (CF, based on infant formula ingredients).

Effects of Transverse Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block on the MAC of Sevoflurane in Gynecologic Patients with Laparoscopic Pneumoperitoneal Stimulation: An Up-Down Sequential Allocation Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to observe the effect of bilateral transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block on the MAC of sevoflurane in gynecological patients with laparoscopic pneumoperitoneal stimulation.

Patients And Methods: Fifty patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to either the control group (= 25) or the TAP block group (= 25). Patients in the TAP block group were subjected to a bilateral transversal abdominal muscle plane block with 0.

Bovine colostrum prevents formula-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in preterm pigs.

Background: Preterm birth and formula feeding increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gut inflammatory disease known to be associated with gut microbiota (GM) changes in infants. Supplemental bovine colostrum may protect against formula-induced NEC via GM changes. We hypothesised that feeding colostrum before, after, or during formula feeding affects NEC sensitivity via changes to GM.

Minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in combination with remimazolam in adults during laryngeal mask insertion: an up-down sequential allocation study.

Background: Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting intravenous benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. The combination of remimazolam and sevoflurane does not increase respiratory sensitivity, produce bronchospasm, or cause other adverse conditions. We aimed to observe the effects of different remimazolam doses on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane at end-expiration during laryngeal mask insertion and evaluate the effect of sex on the efficacy of the combination of remimazolam on the suppression of laryngeal mask insertion in adult patients.

Early parenteral nutrition is associated with improved growth in very low birth weight infants: a retrospective study.

Objective: To assess the association between early initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) and body growth in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW).

Design: Causal inference analysis with confounders preselected by causal diagram based on the NeoNutriNet cohort containing data of infants born between 2011 and 2014 from 13 hospitals from 5 continents.

Patients: Neonates with birth weight ≤1500 g.

Bovine colostrum to supplement the first feeding of very preterm infants: The PreColos randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Gut immaturity leads to feeding difficulties in very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation at birth). Maternal milk (MM) is the optimal diet but often absent or insufficient. We hypothesized that bovine colostrum (BC), rich in protein and bioactive components, improves enteral feeding progression, relative to preterm formula (PF), when supplemented to MM.

Uncovering the gastrointestinal passage, intestinal epithelial cellular uptake, and AGO2 loading of milk miRNAs in neonates using xenomiRs as tracers.

Background: Human breast milk has a high microRNA (miRNA) content. It remains unknown whether and how milk miRNAs might affect intestinal gene regulation and homeostasis of the developing microbiome after initiating enteral nutrition. However, this requires that relevant milk miRNA amounts survive the gastrointestinal (GI) passage, are taken up by cells, and become available to the RNA interference machinery.

Vascularized Composite Iliac Flap Grafting for Trapezial Metastasectomy in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Case: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases rarely occur in the trapezium. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with clear cell RCC metastasis to the trapezium. After tumor resection, bone and soft-tissue defects were reconstructed with a vascularized osseo-fascio-fat composite iliac flap.

Minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in combination with dexmedetomidine in patients with hysteroscopy: An up-down sequential allocation study.

Background: Dexmedetomidine is commonly used in hysteroscopy surgery due to its analgesia and sedation without respiratory depression. Many studies have shown that dexmedetomidine can reduce the consumption of sevoflurane. However, the optimal end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane when it is co-administered with dexmedetomidine has not been established.

Proteins Involved in Synaptic Plasticity Are Downregulated in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Infants With Clinical Sepsis Complicated by Neuroinflammation.

Newborn infants are prone to sepsis and related inflammation of different organs. Neuroinflammation has been associated with long-term adverse neuronal (neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative) outcomes, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or even Alzheimer's disease. Despite a vast number of findings on sepsis-induced inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), how neuroinflammation affects brain development remains largely elusive.

Brain lipidomics and neurodevelopmental outcomes in intrauterine growth restricted piglets fed dairy or vegetable fat diets.

Breast milk has neurodevelopmental advantages compared to infant formula, especially in low-birth-weight infants, which may in part relate to the fat source. This study compared neurodevelopmental outcomes in three-day-old normal birth weight (NBW) and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) piglets fed a formula diet with either vegetable oil (VEG) or bovine milk fat sources (MILK) for three weeks in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Behavioural tests, lipidomics, MRI and RNA sequencing analyses of plasma and brain tissue were conducted.

Intestinal and Mucosal Microbiome Response to Oral Challenge of Enterotoxigenic in Weaned Pigs.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is closely associated with diarrhoea in children in resource-limited countries. This study aims to investigate the change of the mucosal microbiome and protein expression in the ileum induced by K88 (ETEC) using pigs as a model. Seven weaned male pigs were orally given ETEC (1 × 10 CFU, = 7), and the other seven received saline (CON, = 7).

Differential Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Responses to Acute Prenatal Endotoxin Exposure.

Chorioamnionitis (CA) is a risk factor for preterm birth and is associated with neurodevelopmental delay and cognitive disorders. Prenatal inflammation-induced brain injury may resolve during the immediate postnatal period when rapid brain remodeling occurs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at birth may be a critical source of predictive biomarkers.

Availability of donor milk improves enteral feeding but has limited effect on body growth of infants with very-low birthweight: Data from a historic cohort study.

Compare with preterm formula, donor human milk (DM) is associated with a lower risk of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. It is thus deemed superior to preterm formula as the sole diet or supplement to own mother's milk (OMM) for preterm infants, especially for those with very low birthweight (VLBW). This historic cohort study investigated the relationship between DM availability, and enteral feeding, body growth of VLBW infants by comparing two cohorts before and after the establishment of a human milk bank.

High specific surface CeO-NPs doped loose porous CNfor enhanced photocatalytic oxidation ability.

Porous CN(PCN) is favored by researchers because it has more surface active sites, higher specific surface area and stronger light absorption ability than traditional g-CN. In this study, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO-NPs) with mixed valence state of Ceand Cewere doped into the PCN framework by a two-step method. The results indicate that CeO-NPs are highly dispersed in the PCN framework, which leads to a narrower band gap, a wider range of the light response and an improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge in PCN.

Antenatal Antibiotic Exposure Affects Enteral Feeding, Body Growth, and Neonatal Infection in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study.

Antibiotics are widely prescribed by obstetricians, which exposes a large number of infants to antenatal antibiotics (AAB). The effect of AAB on various aspects of neonatal development of preterm infants remains unclear. In this retrospective study, infants born with gestational age (GA) between 22 and 36 weeks at our unit from 2017 to 2019 were included.

Ipsilateral distal third femoral shaft fracture and retrograde intramedullary fixation are not absolute contraindications to anterolateral thigh flap harvest: A case report.

Despite the advantages of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, many surgeons are hesitant to choose a thigh with ipsilateral femoral fracture and internal fixation as the flap donor site. To cover the right mid-upper leg wound, a free ALT flap was harvested from the left thigh of a 55-year-old man who initially underwent closed retrograde intramedullary fixation for a left distal third femoral shaft fracture. The flap was based on a musculocutaneous perforator located in the mid-thigh, which was approximately 10 cm above the proximal fracture level.

[Water Chemical Characteristics and Influence of Exogenous Acids in the Yangtze River Basin].

To explore the influence of human activities on the Yangtze River water chemistry, water samples were obtained from a representative section the main river stem/branch in wet and normal seasons in 2016. Ion ratio analysis, principal component analysis(PCA), and chemical ion balance calculations were performed, and carbonate rock dissolution rates were determined based on carbonate and exogenous acids. The result show that HCO-Ca is the dominant hydrochemistry type, indicating that the dissolution of carbonate rocks in the basin is the main process affecting hydrochemistry, and carbonate acid is significant in the weathering of carbonate rocks.

Effects of different plasma target concentrations of remifentanil on the MAC of sevoflurane in children with laparoscopic surgery.

Background: To investigate the effects of different plasma target concentrations of remifentanil on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for blocking adrenergic response (BAR) of sevoflurane in children with laparoscopic herniorrhaphy.

Methods: Seventy-five children with 3-7 years old scheduled for laparoscopic herniorrhaphy were randomly divided into group R, group R and group R according to different remifentanil plasma target concentration (0, 1, and 2 ngml), respectively. The MAC of sevoflurane was determined by the up-and-down and sequential method in each group.

Effects of different remifentanil target concentrations on MAC of sevoflurane in patients with liver dysfunction under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulus: A randomized controlled trial.

What Is Known And Objective: Remifentanil can effectively decrease the sevoflurane concentration to block sympathetic adrenergic response to CO pneumoperitoneum stimulus,and liver dysfunction will significantly reduce the MAC (minimum alveolar concentration for blocking adrenergic response) of sevoflurane. However, the effects of different remifentanil concentrations on the MAC of sevoflurane in patients with liver dysfunction are unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of different remifentanil concentrations by intravenous target-controlled infusion on the MAC of sevoflurane in patients with grade B liver dysfunction under carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulus.

No effect of deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 deficiency on chemotherapy induced murine intestinal mucositis.

Mucositis is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutic treatment. During intestinal mucositis, the mucosal barrier is compromised, increasing the risk of severe infections. Mucositis necessitates dose reduction or pauses in treatment, which affect the outcome of the treatment.

Antenatal corticosteroids affecting enteral feeding and growth of preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Treatment of antenatal corticosteroids (ACSs) to women at risk of preterm labor can decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, effect of ACS exposure on enteral feeding and body growth of preterm infants remains elusive.

Methods: This retrospective study collected information of eligible singleton infants born between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation from 2017 to 2019.

Gut colonization in preterm infants supplemented with bovine colostrum in the first week of life: An explorative pilot study.

Background: In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. This pilot trial tests whether the supplement type, BC or donor human milk (DM), affects gut colonization in preterm infants during the first week of life.

Plasma Metabolomics to Evaluate Progression of Necrotising Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs.

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a microbiome-dependent gut disease in preterm infants in early life. Antibiotic treatment is a common intervention for NEC. How NEC lesions, with or without antibiotics, affect plasma metabolome was explored in this study.

Prenatal Endotoxin Exposure Induces Fetal and Neonatal Renal Inflammation via Innate and Th1 Immune Activation in Preterm Pigs.

Chorioamnionitis (CA) predisposes to preterm birth and affects the fetal mucosal surfaces (i.e., gut, lungs, and skin) via intra-amniotic (IA) inflammation, thereby accentuating the proinflammatory status in newborn preterm infants.