Photolithography-Free, Solution-Processable Perovskite Electrodes for High-Performance Organic Transistors.

Solution-processable electrodes are promising for next-generation electronics due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and potential for large-area fabrication. However, current solution-processable electrodes based on conductive polymers, carbon-based compounds, and metal nanowires face challenges related to stability, patterning, and production scalability. Here we introduce a novel approach using 3D tin halide perovskites (THPs) combined with a photolithography-free solution patterning technique to fabricate solution-processed electrodes.

Multidimensional Deep Ultraviolet (DUV) Synapses Based on Organic/Perovskite Semiconductor Heterojunction Transistors for Antispoofing Facial Recognition Systems.

Reliably discerning real human faces from fake ones, known as antispoofing, is crucial for facial recognition systems. While neuromorphic systems offer integrated sensing-memory-processing functions, they still struggle with efficient antispoofing techniques. Here we introduce a neuromorphic facial recognition system incorporating multidimensional deep ultraviolet (DUV) optoelectronic synapses to address these challenges.

Dopant-induced Morphology of Organic Semiconductors Resulting in High Doping Performance.

Doping plays a crucial role in modulating and enhancing the performance of organic semiconductor (OSC) devices. In this study, the critical role of dopants is underscored in shaping the morphology and structure of OSC films, which in turn profoundly influences their properties. Two dopants, trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) (TrTPFB) and N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (DMA-TPFB), are examined for their doping effects on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PBBT-2T host OSCs.

Ambient-Stable 2D Dion-Jacobson Phase Tin Halide Perovskite Field-Effect Transistors with Mobility over 1.6 Cm V s.

Solution-processed metal halide perovskites hold immense potential for the advancement of next-generation field-effect transistors (FETs). However, the instability of perovskite-based transistors has impeded their progress and practical applications. Here, ambient-stable high-performance FETs based on 2D Dion-Jacobson phase tin halide perovskite BDASnI , which has high film quality and excellent electrical properties, are reported.

Protocol for fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional lead halide perovskite thin-film transistors.

Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are highly attractive for fabricating thin-film transistors (TFTs), but it remains a challenge for 2D LHP TFTs to work at room temperature (RT). Here, we present a protocol for fabricating 2D LHP TFTs that operate well at RT and exhibit high bias-stress stability and storage stability. We describe steps for preparing materials and equipment followed by fabrication of devices.

A Methodology of Fabricating Novel Electrodes for Semiconductor Devices: Doping and Van der Waals Integrating Organic Semiconductor Films.

Electrodes are indispensable components in semiconductor devices, and now are mainly made from metals, which are convenient for use but not ideal for emerging technologies such as bioelectronics, flexible electronics, or transparent electronics. Here the methodology of fabricating novel electrodes for semiconductor devices using organic semiconductors (OSCs) is proposed and demonstrated. It is shown that polymer semiconductors can be heavily p- or n-doped to achieve sufficiently high conductivity for electrodes.

Novel Organic Superbase Dopants for Ultraefficient N-Doping of Organic Semiconductors.

Doping is a powerful technique for engineering the electrical properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs), yet efficient n-doping of OSCs remains a central challenge. Herein, the discovery of two organic superbase dopants, namely P2-t-Bu and P4-t-Bu as ultra-efficient n-dopants for OSCs is reported. Typical n-type semiconductors such as N2200 and PC BM are shown to experience a significant increase of conductivity upon doping by the two dopants.

Ferroelectric Wide-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskite Field-Effect Transistors: Toward Transparent Electronics.

Transparent field-effect transistors (FETs) are attacking intensive interest for constructing fancy "invisible" electronic products. Presently, the main technology for realizing transparent FETs is based on metal oxide semiconductors, which have wide-bandgap but generally demand sputtering technique or high-temperature (>350 °C) solution process for fabrication. Herein, a general device fabrication strategy for metal halide perovskite (MHP) FETs is shown, by which transparent perovskite FETs are successfully obtained using low-temperature (<150 °C) solution process.

Band-like transport in non-fullerene acceptor semiconductor Y6.

The recently reported non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 has been extensively investigated for high-performance organic solar cells. However, its charge transport property and physics have not been fully studied. In this work, we acquired a deeper understanding of the charge transport in Y6 by fabricating and characterizing thin-film transistors (TFTs), and found that the electron mobility of Y6 is over 0.

Protocol for doping of an Sn-based two-dimensional perovskite semiconductor by incorporating SnI for field-effect transistors and thermoelectric devices.

Doping is an important technique for semiconductor materials, yet effective and controllable doping of organic-inorganic halide perovskites is still a challenge. Here, we present a protocol to dope 2D perovskite (PEA)SnI by incorporating SnI in the precursor solutions. We detail steps for preparation of field-effect transistors (FETs) and thermoelectric devices (TEs) based on SnI-doped (PEA)SnI films.

Furan-Extended Helical Rylenes with Fjord Edge Topology and Tunable Optoelectronic Properties.

Lateral furan-expansion of polycyclic aromatics, which enables multiple O-doping and peripheral edge evolution of rylenes, is developed for the first time. Tetrafuranylperylene TPF-4CN and octafuranylquaterrylene OFQ-8CN were prepared as model compounds bearing unique fjord edge topology and helical conformations. Compared to TPF-4CN, the higher congener OFQ-8CN displays a largely red-shifted (≈333 nm) and intensified absorption band (λ =829 nm) as well as a narrowed electrochemical band gap (≈1.

Revealing the Electrophilic-Attack Doping Mechanism for Efficient and Universal p-Doping of Organic Semiconductors.

Doping is of great importance to tailor the electrical properties of semiconductors. However, the present doping methodologies for organic semiconductors (OSCs) are either inefficient or can only apply to some OSCs conditionally, seriously limiting their general applications. Herein, a novel p-doping mechanism is revealed by investigating the interactions between the dopant trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate (TrTPFB) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT).

Doping of Sn-based two-dimensional perovskite semiconductor for high-performance field-effect transistors and thermoelectric devices.

Doping is an important technique for semiconductor materials and devices, yet effective and controllable doping of organic-inorganic halide perovskites is still a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a facile way to dope two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite (PEA)SnI by incorporating SnI in the precursor solutions. It is observed that Sn produces p-doping effect on the perovskite, which increases the electrical conductivity by 10 times.

Solution-Processed CsPbBr Quantum Dots/Organic Semiconductor Planar Heterojunctions for High-Performance Photodetectors.

Planar heterojunctions (PHJs) are fundamental building blocks for construction of semiconductor devices. However, fabricating PHJs with solution-processable semiconductors such as organic semiconductors (OSCs) is a challenge. Herein, utilizing the orthogonal solubility and good wettability between CsPbBr perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and OSCs, fabrication of solution-processed PQD/OSC PHJs are reported.

Doped Vertical Organic Field-Effect Transistors Demonstrating Superior Bias-Stress Stability.

Bias-stress stability is essential to the practical applications of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), yet it remains a challenge issue in conventional planar OFETs. Here, the feasibility of achieving high bias-stress stability in vertical structured OFETs (VOFETs) in combination with doping techniques is demonstrated. VOFETs with silver nanowires as source electrodes are fabricated and the device performance is optimized by understanding the influence of device parameters on performance.

Correction: Cost and Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa: Focusing the Program on Specific Age Groups and Provinces.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Cost and Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in South Africa: Focusing the Program on Specific Age Groups and Provinces.

Background: In 2012, South Africa set a goal of circumcising 4.3 million men ages 15-49 by 2016. By the end of March 2014, 1.

Reconceptualizing the HIV epidemiology and prevention needs of Female Sex Workers (FSW) in Swaziland.

Background: HIV is hyperendemic in Swaziland with a prevalence of over 25% among those between the ages of 15 and 49 years old. The HIV response in Swaziland has traditionally focused on decreasing HIV acquisition and transmission risks in the general population through interventions such as male circumcision, increasing treatment uptake and adherence, and risk-reduction counseling. There is emerging data from Southern Africa that key populations such as female sex workers (FSW) carry a disproportionate burden of HIV even in generalized epidemics such as Swaziland.

Excretion of urinary orosomucoid 1 protein is elevated in patients with chronic heart failure.

Easily screening markers for early detection of chronic heart failure (CHF) are lacking. We identified twenty differently expressed proteins including orosomucoid 1(ORM1) in urine between patients with CHF and normal controls by proteomic methods. Bioinformatics analyses suggested ORM1 could be used for further analysis.

[The effects of cytochrome P450 2C19 genetic polymorphism on clopidogrel resistance and recent prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genetic polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance(CR) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS), and to assess the effects of genetic polymorphism at CYP2C19 (681G>A) on the prognosis of ACS patients.

Methods: A total of 462 patients with ACS were enrolled and received loading dose clopidogrel(600 mg). The blood samples of patients were collected before and 24 hours after taking loading dose clopidogrel, then 5 µmol/L ADP-induced platelet aggregation ratio (PAR) was examined.

Fish intake and risk of heart failure: A meta-analysis of five prospective cohort studies.

The findings on the association between fish intake and the risk of heart failure (HF) have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to clarify this potential association. We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed database through January 2012 and manually reviewed references.

[The association of insulin resistance, blood pressure variability and severity of acute coronary syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the association of insulin resistance (IR), blood pressure variability (BPV) and the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and assess the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on recent prognosis.

Methods: A total of 260 patients diagnosed as ACS and hospitalized in our department of cardiology from December 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled in the study. There were 93 cases of unstable angina pectoris(UAP), 84 of non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and 83 of unstable angina pectoris.