Citrate versus unfractionated heparin for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), but it can increase the risk of bleeding. Citrate is a promising substitute. Our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of citrate versus unfractionated heparin in CRRT.

Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum CDPK1 by conditional expression of its J-domain demonstrates a key role in schizont development.

PfCDPK1 [Plasmodium falciparum CDPK1 (calcium-dependent protein kinase 1)] is highly expressed in parasite asexual blood and mosquito stages. Its role is still poorly understood, but unsuccessful gene knockout attempts suggest that it is essential for parasite replication and/or RBC (red blood cell) invasion. In the present study, by tagging endogenous CDPK1 with GFP (green fluorescent protein), we demonstrate that CDPK1 localizes to the parasite plasma membrane of replicating and invasive forms as well as very young intracellular parasites and does not appear to be exported into RBCs.

Dialysis access in a patient with multiple central venous stenoses.

We report a female patient, with obstructed right femoral and right brachiocephalic vein, narrowed left femoral vein, left brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava, due to long-term catheterization for dialysis. Angioplasty and synthesized graft transplant were successfully performed. The new access withstood early cannulation only 3 days after the procedure.

Treatment of primary chronic glomerulonephritis with Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan: a randomized controlled trial.

This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides used in combination with the angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan to treat primary chronic glomerulonephritis. A total of 479 patients diagnosed with primary chronic glomerulonephritis were recruited from outpatient clinics and were randomly assigned to the treatment group (Rehmannia glutinosa acteosides, two 200-mg capsules, bid; and irbesartan, one 150-mg tablet, qd) or the control group (irbesartan, one 150-mg tablet, qd). The primary outcome was 24-h urinary protein.

A case of lipoprotein glomerulopathy with thrombotic microangiopathy due to malignant hypertension.

Background: Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare inherited renal disease characterized by intraglomerular lipoprotein within the lumina of severely dilated glomerular capillaries. The common clinical presentation of LPG includes proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension and anemia were thought to be mild in LPG.

Renal protective effects of early continuous venovenous hemofiltration in rhabdomyolysis: improved renal mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis.

Rhabdomyolysis (RM) and subsequent myoglobin (Mb) deposition can lead to acute kidney injury. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) can remove Mb, but direct renal protection is unclear. We hypothesized that CVVH can improve renal mitochondrial dysfunction in its early stage.

[The correlation of serum cystatin C level with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Objective: To investigate whether serum cystatin C (Cys C) concentration correlates with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This study enrolled 633 type 2 DM patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. All the patients were subjected to the measurement of serum Cys C, concentration, complete blood count, and blood biochemical test.

The nutritional status of young children and feeding practices two years after the Wenchuan Earthquake in the worst-affected areas in China.

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional status and feeding practices of young children in the worst-affected areas of China two years after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The sample consisted of 1,254 children 6-23 months of age living in four selected counties from the disaster-affected provinces of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. Length-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and hemoglobin concentration were used to evaluate nutritional status.

Simplified regional citrate anticoagulation using a calcium-containing replacement solution for continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is not widely used because it requires complex therapeutic modalities, a specialized calcium-free replacement solution, and continuous intravenous calcium infusion. We designed a simplified protocol for RCA using a commercial calcium-containing replacement solution for continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Thirty-six patients were treated with RCA-based pre-dilution CVVH using a calcium-containing replacement solution (ionized calcium 1.

Mycophenolic acid reverses IgA1 aberrant glycosylation through up-regulating Cosmc expression in IgA nephropathy.

Objective: Impaired core I β3-Gal-T-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) expression-caused IgA1 aberrant O-glycosylation is one of the main pathogeneses of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).This study tried to elucidate whether mycophenolic acid (MPA) could up-regulate Cosmc expression of peripheral lymphocytes in IgAN patients and reverse the dys-O-glycosylation.

Method: Peripheral lymphocytes of eighteen IgAN patients and twelve normal controls were isolated and cultured for 3-7 days with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MPA.

Transcatheter arterial embolization followed by octreotide and celecoxib synergistically prolongs survival of rabbits with hepatic VX2 allografts.

Objective: To validate the efficacy of an innovative multimodality therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) plus octreotide and celecoxib in reducing neoangiogenesis and prolonging the survival of rabbits with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Rabbits with hepatic VX2 allografts were divided into four groups: control group, TAE group, octreotide + celecoxib (O + C) group and the multimodality therapy (TAE + O + C) group. Survival of the rabbits was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the expression of CD31 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 and cancer.

The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration.

[Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 7-17 year-old overweight and obese children and adolescents].

Objective: o describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in 7-17 year-old children and adolescents.

Methods: A stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 2752 children and adolescents were analyzed. MS was diagnosed according to the definition of Cook.

Association between high fat-low carbohydrate diet score and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.

Objective: To study the association between high fat-low carbohydrate diet score and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.

Methods: Data about 20 717 subjects aged 45-59 years from the cross-sectional 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were analyzed. High fat-low carbohydrate diet was scored according to the energy of carbohydrate, fat, and protein.

Hyponatraemia in patients with crush syndrome during the Wenchuan earthquake.

Background: Although sodium disturbances are common in hospitalised patients, no study has specifically investigated the epidemiology of hyponatraemia in patients with crush syndrome.

Objectives: To describe the incidence of hyponatraemia and assess its effect on outcome in patients with crush syndrome during the Wenchuan earthquake.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 17 reference hospitals during the Wenchuan earthquake.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs. laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of sixteen recent studies.

Background/aims: Bariatric surgery has become the best option for the treatment for morbid obesity. It is not only a weight-reducing surgery but also a metabolic surgery. This study examined the short-term results undergoing LRYGB and LSG of bariatric surgery.

The value of plasma paraquat concentration in predicting therapeutic effects of haemoperfusion in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the scavenging effect of haemoperfusion on plasma paraquat (PQ) and to evaluate the clinical significance of PQ examination in the treatment of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.

Methods: 85 patients with acute paraquat intoxication by oral ingestion were admitted in West China Hospital from Jun, 2010 to Mar, 2011. A standardized therapeutic regimen including emergency haemoperfusion was given on all subjects.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to massive wasp stings: an autopsy case report.

We reported a case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following about 300 wasp stings. The diagnosis was based on autopsy findings of acute pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, hepatic and cardiac dysfunction, and cerebral edema. MODS is a life-threatening complication, and should be considered a possibility after multiple wasp stings.

Systemic sclerosis with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura and malignant hypertension.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, neurologic symptoms, acute renal impairment, and fever. It has been seldom reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Systemic renal crisis is an infrequent complication of SSc, and is characterized by new onset malignant hypertension, rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure, and MAHA.

A multicenter application and evaluation of the oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in adult chinese patients.

Background: The Oxford classification of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) provides a histopathologic grading system that is associated with kidney disease outcomes independent of clinical features. We evaluated the Oxford IgAN classification in a large cohort of patients from China.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

[Sustained low efficiency dialysis on patients with multiple organ failure resulted from diabetic kidney disease].

Objective: To investigate the effect of sustained low efficiency dialysis (SLED) on patients with multiple organ failure resulted from diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: Five DKD patients who developed MOF between Nov. 2011 and Jan.

[A comparison of clinical characteristics and survival between diabetic nephropathy patients and non-diabetic nephropathy patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis].

Objective: To investigate clinical characteristics and survival of diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: The clinical data were collected from the patients who initiated PD in our PD Center from Jan, 2009 through Aug, 2011. The patients were divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group, the survival of patients and risk factors of death were analyzed and compared between the two groups by using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis.

[Association of diabetes and early failure of arteriovenous fistula in the end stage of renal diseases].

Objective: To determine the association of diabetes and glycemic control with early failure of native arteriovenous fistula(AVF).

Methods: 266 patients with end stage renal diseases(ESRD) were recruited and divided into non-diabetic group (165), HbA1C < 7% group (51) and HbA1C > or = 7% group (50). Clinical indicators and early failure of AVF were examined.