Meta-analyses reveal climate change impacts on an ecologically and economically significant oyster in Australia.

Global oceans are warming and acidifying because of increasing greenhouse gas emissions that are anticipated to have cascading impacts on marine ecosystems and organisms, especially those essential for biodiversity and food security. Despite this concern, there remains some skepticism about the reproducibility and reliability of research done to predict future climate change impacts on marine organisms. Here, we present meta-analyses of over two decades of research on the climate change impacts on an ecologically and economically valuable Sydney rock oyster, .

Co-Creation of Patient-Centered Metrics for Long-Term Well-Being Involving People with HIV and HIV Care Providers.

Achieving viral suppression alone does not fully resolve the multifaceted health challenges faced by people with HIV (PWH), such as early aging, multimorbidity, and low health-related quality of life. This co-creation pilot study to investigate patient-centered metrics for long-term well-being involved the development of a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey through focus groups and its implementation among HIV care providers in Barcelona, Spain, in 2024. A collaborative approach of involving PWH from the community was essential in ensuring the relevance of the identified issues.

Protocol-based anticoagulation management for mechanical circulatory support patients can be safe and efficient.

Background: Achieving optimal anticoagulation remains a significant challenge in managing patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Maintaining tight control of anticoagulation can be time-consuming but essential in preventing serious complications such as pump thrombosis and bleeding.

Objectives: The efficacy and safety of a nurse coordinator-driven outpatient protocol (NCDOP) was evaluated for managing anticoagulation for LVAD patients.

Exploring environmental sustainability in UK and US dental curricula and related barriers and enablers: a cross-sectional survey in two dental schools.

Introduction Very little is known about the knowledge and attitudes of dental students and educators regarding environmental sustainability in dentistry (ESD), the presence of ESD in dental curricula, and barriers and enablers to embracing ESD in dental education.Methods A cross-sectional survey using piloted online questionnaires for students and educators was carried out at the Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London and at Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Barriers and facilitators to health visiting teams delivering oral health promotion to families of young children: a mixed methods study with vignettes.

Objective: To explore the potential barriers and facilitators to health visiting (HV) teams delivering oral health promotion during the 9-12-month old child mandated visit in Ealing, England.

Background: HV schemes and their counterparts worldwide share similar priorities to discuss oral health at 6-12 months of age. The HV programme in England stipulates at 9-12 months old, diet and dental health should be discussed.

Relationships between children's sugar consumption at home and their food choices and consumption at school lunch.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between children's food and drink choices at school lunch for children who consume high and low sugar intakes at home.

Design: Children's food and drink consumption at home was assessed using diet diaries over three consecutive days. Children were classified as 'high' or 'low' sugar consumers at home using the WHO recommendation that free sugars should be less than 10 % of their daily total energy intake.

Free Sugars Consumption around Bedtime and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to assess the association between food and drink consumption around bedtime-specifically, food and drinks containing free sugars-and the risk of dental caries in children. Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus) to identify studies that investigated any relationship between food and drink around bedtime and dental caries in 3- to 16-y-old children. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality domain guidelines were used to assess the quality of the individual studies, while GRADE guidelines assessed the quality of studies based on the body of evidence.

Children's toothache is becoming everybody's business: where do parents go when their children have oral pain in London, England? A cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: To assess the number of parents who visited community pharmacies in London seeking pain medications for their children's pain and specifically for oral pain, to identify which health services parents contacted before their pharmacy visit and to estimate the cost to the National Health Service (NHS) when children with oral pain who visit pharmacies also see health professionals outside dentistry.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: 1862 pharmacies in London in November 2016-January 2017.

Effectiveness of behavioral interventions to reduce the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among children has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Numerous behavioral interventions aimed at reducing the intake of SSBs among children have been reported, yet evidence of their effectiveness is lacking.

Objective: This systematic review explored the effectiveness of educational and behavioral interventions to reduce SSB intake and to influence health outcomes among children aged 4 to 16 years.

An assessment of the impacts of child oral health in Indonesia and associations with self-esteem, school performance and perceived employability.

Background: Previous surveys have indicated that a majority of Indonesian children have poor oral health. However, little detailed information is available on underlying causation and none that examine impacts of oral health on child self-esteem, school performance and perceived employability. The aim of this study was to determine levels of child oral health in primary school children in Indonesia, the prevalence of key causal factors; and, to determine relationships between oral health, self-esteem and school academic performance.

An evaluation of a storybook targeting parental attitudes, intention, and self-efficacy to change their child's oral health behavior.

Objective: Methods for reducing dental disease have traditionally focused on health education rather than targeting psychosocial determinants of the core behaviors through behavior change strategies. This study tested a novel intervention in the form of a children's story (Kitten's First Tooth) embedded with behavior change techniques (Abraham & Michie, 2008) with the aim of investigating how effective the intervention was at improving parents' efficacy and intention to enact oral health behaviors for their child.

Method: A controlled before and after study conducted in a deprived area of England (n = 149; child mean age 4 years) with an intervention and control group.

The BBaRTS Healthy Teeth Behaviour Change Programme for preventing dental caries in primary school children: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Oral health behaviours such as establishing twice-daily toothbrushing and sugar control intake need parental self-efficacy (PSE) to prevent the development of childhood dental caries. A previous study has shown that behaviour change techniques (BCTs) delivered via a storybook can improve parental self-efficacy to undertake twice-daily toothbrushing.

Objective: to determine whether an intervention (BBaRTS, Bedtime Brush and Read Together to Sleep), designed to increase PSE; delivered through storybooks with embedded BCTs, parenting skills and oral health messages, can improve child oral health compared to (1) an exactly similar intervention containing no behaviour change techniques, and (2) the BBaRTS intervention supplemented with home supply of fluoride toothpaste and supervised toothbrushing on schooldays.

A new primary dental care service compared with standard care for child and family to reduce the re-occurrence of childhood dental caries (Dental RECUR): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: In England and Scotland, dental extraction is the single highest cause of planned admission to the hospital for children under 11 years. Traditional dental services have had limited success in reducing this disease burden. Interventions based on motivational interviewing have been shown to impact positively dental health behaviours and could facilitate the prevention of re-occurrence of dental caries in this high-risk population.

Maternally perceived barriers to and facilitators of establishing and maintaining tooth-brushing routines with infants and preschoolers.

Establishing effective toothbrushing routines using fluoridated toothpaste in infancy has been suggested as important to dental health throughout childhood and into adulthood. However, previous studies have revealed a number of potential barriers to, and facilitators of caregivers ability to establish early dyadic toothbrushing routines with pre-schoolers. However, as yet no qualitative research has been conducted to ascertain potential barriers and facilitators of the earliest dyadic toothbrushing in infancy, and nor has any previous research specifically focused on how novice mothers of first-born infants and preschoolers manage this task.

Statistical power of multilevel modelling in dental caries clinical trials: a simulation study.

Outcome data from dental caries clinical trials have a naturally hierarchical structure, with surfaces clustered within teeth, clustered within individuals. Data are often aggregated into the DMF index for each individual, losing tooth- and surface-specific information. If these data are to be analysed by tooth or surface, allowing exploration of effects of interventions on different teeth and surfaces, appropriate methods must be used to adjust for the clustered nature of the data.

Family relationships as an explanatory variable in childhood dental caries: a systematic review of measures.

It is widely acknowledged that parental beliefs (self-efficacy) about oral health and parental oral health-related behaviours play a fundamental role in the establishment of preventative behaviours that will mitigate against the development of childhood dental caries. However, little attention has been given to the wider perspective of family functioning and family relationships on child oral health. For oral health researchers, exploration of this association requires the use of reliable, valid and appropriate assessment tools to measure family relationships.

Analysis of health behaviour change interventions for preventing dental caries delivered in primary schools.

To improve oral health in children, the key behaviours (tooth brushing and sugar control) responsible for development of dental caries need to be better understood, as well as how to promote these behaviours effectively so they become habitual; and, the specific, optimal techniques to use in interventions. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the behaviour change techniques that have been used in primary school-based interventions to prevent dental caries (utilizing a Cochrane systematic review that we have undertaken) and to identify opportunities for improving future interventions by incorporating a comprehensive range of behaviour change techniques. Papers of five interventions were reviewed and data were independently extracted.

Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common global childhood diseases and is, for the most part, entirely preventable. Good oral health is dependent on the establishment of the key behaviours of toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and controlling sugar snacking. Primary schools provide a potential setting in which these behavioural interventions can support children to develop independent and habitual healthy behaviours.

Evaluation of international case studies within 'Live.Learn.Laugh.': a unique global public-private partnership to promote oral health.

Unlabelled: The partnership between the Féderation Dentaire International (FDI), and Unilever Oral Care, aims to raise awareness of oral health globally; to enable FDI member associations to promote oral health; and to increase the visibility of the FDI and authority of Unilever oral care brands worldwide. Country Projects between National Dental Associations (NDAs), the member associations of FDI, and Unilever Oral Care local companies have been established as a key strand of the partnership.

Aim: This paper reports on the evaluation of an in-depth sample of Country Projects (n=5) to determine their potential to impact on oral health.

Analysis of a unique global public-private partnership to promote oral health.

Unlabelled: Partnerships for health promotion are between two or more partners to work co-operatively towards a set of shared health outcomes; few public-private partnerships in oral health promotion have been established.

Aim: To undertake a detailed analysis of a unique global public-private partnership to promote oral health between a global company, Unilever and the Féderation Dentaire International (FDI), a membership organisation representing more than one million dentists worldwide.

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative, including: collating and analysing a wide range of partnership documents (n =164); reviewing film and pictorial records; undertaking structured interviews (n=34) with people who had a critical role in establishing and delivering the aims of the partnership, and external experts; and site visits to selected global projects active at the time of the evaluation.

Randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a high-fluoride gel self-applied by toothbrushing in children at high caries risk.

The primary objective of this clinical trial was to assess the caries-preventive efficacy of 2 years of twice weekly supervised brushing with a self-applied gel containing 12,500 ppm fluoride on schooldays compared with weekly supervised use in children at high caries risk (with prior caries experience on first permanent molars). The secondary objective was to assess efficacy compared with similar children who continued with their usual oral hygiene care. This was a single-centre, single-blind, randomised, parallel-groups trial comprising two test groups and one untreated control group.