Goals as Motives: Implications for Theory, Methods, and Practice.

The concept of human goals is central to the study of psychology (i.e., motivation, behavior, and well-being), sociology (i.

Veno-venous ECMO intervention for respiratory failure after trauma from a motor vehicle collision.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a salvage therapy in refractory respiratory failure. Within the literature, there is evidence to support the use of ECMO in severe thoracic trauma; however, there is minimal information on its applicability in mild to moderate thoracic trauma. This report describes a man in his 50s who suffered thoracic trauma following a motor vehicle accident, who, despite maximal medical therapy, experienced deterioration in respiratory function, requiring the commencement of veno-venous ECMO on day 5 post injury and subsequently achieved excellent functional recovery.

Validation of a brief image elicitation task as an indicator of subjective wellbeing in the general population.

Background: A novel image-based method (AgileBrain) demonstrates construct validity as a measure of wellbeing in the general working adult population.

Method: Analysis of data from four large nationally representative samples of American full-time workers employed by mid-to-large size companies conducted in November 2021 ( = 812), May 2022 ( = 810), June 2023 ( = 986), and January 2024 ( = 1,179).

Results: Across all four studies, AgileBrain demonstrates convergent validity across multiple established indicators of subjective wellbeing including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Neuroticism (BFI-S), UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Coping Styles (Brief COPE-28), self-reported diagnosed neurodiversity conditions and symptoms, and trauma history.

Low-dose clonidine infusion to improve sleep in postoperative patients in the high-dependency unit. A randomised placebo-controlled single-centre trial.

Purpose: Dexmedetomidine increases sleep and reduces delirium in postoperative patients, but it is expensive and requires a monitored environment. Clonidine, another 2-agonist, is cheaper and is used safely for other purposes in wards. We assessed whether clonidine would improve sleep in postoperative high-dependency unit (HDU) patients.

Corrigendum: Leadership as a determinant of need fulfillment: implications for meta-theory, methods, and practice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.

Leadership as a determinant of need fulfillment: implications for meta-theory, methods, and practice.

Of all the most prominent business concepts (e.g., DE&I, employee well-being, employee engagement, organizational culture, etc.

Relationships between cognitive flexibility performance and adaptive behavior outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumor.

: Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at increased risk of executive function (EF) and adaptive behavior difficulties. While previous research suggests that executive dysfunction impacts suboptimal adaptive outcomes, the specific elements of EF influencing this relationship remain unexplored. This study examines the relationship between cognitive flexibility and adaptive behavior in survivors compared to healthy controls.

Clinical Decision Support System for Guidelines-Based Treatment of Gonococcal Infections, Screening for HIV, and Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Design and Implementation Study.

Background: The syndemic nature of gonococcal infections and HIV provides an opportunity to develop a synergistic intervention tool that could address the need for adequate treatment for gonorrhea, screen for HIV infections, and offer pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for persons who meet the criteria. By leveraging information available on electronic health records, a clinical decision support (CDS) system tool could fulfill this need and improve adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) treatment and screening guidelines for gonorrhea, HIV, and PrEP.

Objective: The goal of this study was to translate portions of CDC treatment guidelines for gonorrhea and relevant portions of HIV screening and prescribing PrEP that stem from a diagnosis of gonorrhea as an electronic health record-based CDS intervention.

Values as Motives: Implications for theory, methods, and practice.

The concept of human values is central to the study of culture, ethics, politics, anthropology, sociology, social psychology, environmental studies, health policy, education, management, and human capital. Because it represents the ultimate "why" behind decisions and behaviors, as a concept it plays an outsized role in both theory and practice in each of these fields. Despite the centrality of human values in these domains, the concept lacks theoretical consensus among scholars and practitioners.

The structure of human motivation.

Background: A unified model of human motivation has been recently introduced that integrates all prior "mini-theories" of motivation into a single, symmetrical model based on first principles: four life domains crossed by three levels of attainment, resulting in 12 discrete motivations. Evidence from a series of studies using a novel image-based method is used to test structural hypotheses derived from a unified model of human motivation.

Method: The studies employ large samples (810n to 986n) of working adults who conducted a time-constrained image-based exercise to measure the relative presence or absence of different emotional needs.

Impact of fasting on the gastric volume of critically ill patients before extubation: a prospective observational study using gastric ultrasound.

Background: A period of fasting before tracheal extubation of ventilated patients in the ICU is common practice, aiming to reduce gastric volume and aspiration risk. As the volume of gastric content is unknown at the time of extubation, the efficacy of this practice is uncertain.

Methods: A prospective, observational study using gastric ultrasound was undertaken.

Dissociable Cognitive Systems for Recognizing Places and Navigating through Them: Developmental and Neuropsychological Evidence.

Recent neural evidence suggests that the human brain contains dissociable systems for "scene categorization" (i.e., recognizing a place as a particular kind of place, for example, a kitchen), including the parahippocampal place area, and "visually guided navigation" (e.

Well-being as Need Fulfillment: Implications for Theory, Methods, and Practice.

The most prominent concept championed by human resource professionals, point solution providers, and the mental health care industry is the construct of holistic well-being. Despite the tremendous attention focused on well-being, the concept lacks theoretical consensus among its proponents. Like the concept of engagement, this field cries out for clearly stated definitions that embed the concept within a theoretical framework, allowing theory development to avoid the prolific category errors of the past 50 years.

Delayed Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Refractory Respiratory Failure Caused by Inhalation Burns and Emergency Venovenous ECMO to Facilitate Its Management: A Case Report.

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistulae are uncommon in burn patients but can occur as a complication of inhalation injury. We report a case of a 30-yr-old male patient presenting after suffering from inhalation and 25% total body surface area burns. On postburns day 14, he developed a massive tracheoesophageal fistula causing refractory acute respiratory failure.

Employee Engagement as Human Motivation: Implications for Theory, Methods, and Practice.

The central theoretical construct in human resource management today is employee engagement. Despite its centrality, clear theoretical and operational definitions are few and far between, with most treatments failing to separate causes from effects, psychological variables from organizational variables, and internal from external mechanisms. This paper argues for a more sophisticated approach to the engagement concept, grounding it in the vast psychological literature on human motivation.

Autism spectrum disorder symptom expression in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome.

Background: The 1.6 Mb 3q29 deletion is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including a 19-fold increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous work by our team identified elevated social disability in this population via parent-report questionnaires.

Cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A modelling study.

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) is a method of CPR that passes the patient's blood through an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) device to provide mechanical haemodynamic and oxygenation support in cardiac arrest patients who are not responsive to conventional CPR (C-CPR). E-CPR is being adopted rapidly worldwide despite the absence of high quality trial data and its substantial cost. Published cost-effectiveness data for E-CPR are scarce.

Five-Year Prospective Observational Study of African-American Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer Demonstrates Race Is Not Predictive of Oncologic Outcomes.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate if race impacted outcomes or risk of disease progression in men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. We present the results from our majority African-American cohort of men in an equal access setting over a 5-year follow-up period.

Patients And Methods: All patients who elected AS for prostate cancer at the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System are entered into a prospectively managed observational database.

Theoretical and Empirical Foundations for a Unified Pyramid of Human Motivation.

Revisions are proposed to the taxonomic model of human motivation of Forbes (Review of General Psychology, 15(2), 85-98, 2011) in order to incorporate a heretofore missing fourth life domain, the spiritual. The growing literature on spiritual motives is systematically reviewed in accordance with literature review standards for theory development (Templier & Paré, 2018) focusing on the objective of identifying comprehensive theoretical systems that explicitly incorporate the spiritual domain as one of a limited set of human life domains. The structure of the Forbes model is contrasted with thirteen theoretical systems that explicitly incorporate the spiritual as a fourth life domain.

Considering Predictive Factors in the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients with PI-RADS 3 Lesions.

The use of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in conjunction with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) is standard practice in the diagnosis, surveillance, and staging of prostate cancer. The risk associated with lesions graded at a PI-RADS score of 3 is ambiguous. Further characterization of the risk associated with PI-RADS 3 lesions would be useful in guiding further work-up and intervention.

Penile reconstruction: An up-to-date review of the literature.

Objective: : To review the literature on adult penile reconstruction due to Peyronie's disease, trauma and cosmesis, while emphasising specific surgical techniques and procedures such as phalloplasty, radial forearm free flap reconstruction, and penile transplant.

Methods: : A comprehensive review of the literature for the years 1992-2020 of the PubMed and SpringerLink databases was performed to identify articles on penile reconstruction. Search terms included 'penile reconstruction', 'penile trauma', 'phalloplasty', 'penile transplant', and 'treatment of Peyronie's'.

Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole and ganciclovir as combination antimicrobial chemotherapy on ECMO: a case report.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can affect antimicrobial pharmacokinetics. This case report describes a 33-year-old male with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presenting in acute severe type 1 respiratory failure. On investigation, the patient had positive cultures for Candida albicans from respiratory specimens and high blood cytomegalovirus titres, and required venovenous ECMO therapy for refractory respiratory failure.