Clinicopathological Characteristics and the First Mutational Analysis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors From Mexico: A Single Institution Experience.

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise from Cajal's interstitial cell precursors and display a variety of genetic mutations, primarily in the and genes. These mutations are linked to tumor location, prognosis, and response to treatment. This study delves into the mutational patterns of GISTs in a Mexican population and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

The invasive margin of early-stage human colon tumors is infiltrated with neutrophils of an antitumoral phenotype.

Neutrophils infiltrate several types of cancer; however, whether their presence is associated with disease progression remains controversial. Here, we show that colon tumors overexpress neutrophil chemoattractants compared to healthy tissues, leading to their recruitment to the invasive margin and the central part of colon tumors. Of note, tumor-associated neutrophils expressing tumor necrosis factor α, which usually represents an antitumoral phenotype, were predominantly located in the invasive margin.

Identification of Radiomic Signatures in Brain MRI Sequences T1 and T2 That Differentiate Tumor Regions of Midline Gliomas with H3.3K27M Mutation.

Background: Radiomics refers to the acquisition of traces of quantitative features that are usually non-perceptible to human vision and are obtained from different imaging techniques and subsequently transformed into high-dimensional data. Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) represent approximately 20% of pediatric CNS tumors, with a median survival of less than one year after diagnosis. We aimed to identify which radiomics can discriminate DMG tumor regions (viable tumor and peritumoral edema) from equivalent midline normal tissue (EMNT) in patients with the positive H3.

Human Papillomavirus-Related Recurrent Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma With HPV Genotype 56 Detected by HPV Direct Flow CHIP.

Human Papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma is a rare, and recently described neoplasm, defined by its association with high-risk Human Papillomavirus, which exclusively affects the sinonasal tract and simulates salivary gland tumors. Due to the infrequency of this neoplasm and the lack of knowledge of its pathological characteristics, it is susceptible to diagnostic error. We describe the clinical-radiological findings of a 54-year-old man with multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma related to Human Papillomavirus genotype 56.

Human Papillomavirus: Challenges and Opportunities for the Control of Cervical Cancer.

Viruses are the most abundant and genetically diverse entities on the planet, infect all life forms and have evolved with their hosts. To date, 263 viral species have been identified that infect humans, of which only seven are considered type I oncogenic. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main virus associated with cancer and is responsible for practically all cases of cervical carcinoma.

Cancer Incidence in Merida, Mexico 2015-2018: First Report from the Population-based Cancer Registry.

Background: Cancer registries are essential for monitoring cancer burden and patterns, and document changes in time for cancer control. Hereby, we present the first results of four years of the Merida population-based cancer registry in Mexico.

Methods: The registry collects data on all new cancers diagnosed since 2015 using both active and passive methods including a total of 104 information sources.

Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Regulation Landscape in HPV+ Cancers: Biological and Clinical Implications.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus that causes the highest number of viral-associated cancer cases and deaths worldwide, with more than 690,000 new cases per year and 342,000 deaths only for cervical cancer (CC). Although the incidence and mortality rates for CC are declining in countries where screening and vaccination programs have been implemented, other types of cancer in which HPV is involved, such as oropharyngeal cancer, are increasing, particularly in men. Mutational and transcriptional profiles of various HPV-associated neoplasms have been described, and accumulated evidence has shown the oncogenic capacity of E6, E7, and E5 genes of high-risk HPV.

Copy number alterations and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition genes in diffuse and intestinal gastric cancers in Mexican patients.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with the highest mortality rate among diseases of the digestive system, worldwide. The present study of GC alterations is crucial to the understanding of tumor biology and the establishment of important aspects of cancer prognosis and treatment response. In the present study, DNA from Mexican patients with diffuse GC (DGC), intestinal GC (IGC) or non‑atrophic gastritis (NAG; control) was purified and whole‑genome analysis was performed with high‑density arrays.

High expression of both desmoplastic stroma and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers associate with shorter survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Desmoplastic stroma (DS) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a key role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. To date, however, the combined expression of DS and EMT markers, and their association with variations in survival within each clinical stage and degree of tumor differentiation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between expression of DS and EMT markers and survival variability in patients diagnosed with PDAC.

Cancer Biology, Epidemiology, and Treatment in the 21st Century: Current Status and Future Challenges From a Biomedical Perspective.

Since the second half of the 20th century, our knowledge about the biology of cancer has made extraordinary progress. Today, we understand cancer at the genomic and epigenomic levels, and we have identified the cell that starts neoplastic transformation and characterized the mechanisms for the invasion of other tissues. This knowledge has allowed novel drugs to be designed that act on specific molecular targets, the immune system to be trained and manipulated to increase its efficiency, and ever more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed.

High expression of Toll-like receptor 7 is a survival factor in pediatric medulloblastoma.

Purpose: Medulloblastoma is an embryonal brain tumor that predominantly occurs in childhood with a wide histological and molecular variability. Our aim was to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), their association with the infiltration of immune cells and with the histological subgroups, and, also, with the overall survival of patients.

Methods: Fifty-six paraffin-preserved biopsies from children with medulloblastoma of the classic, desmoplastic, and anaplastic subtypes were included.

BIK and GRP78 protein expression as possible markers of response to preoperative chemotherapy and survival in breast cancer.

Objective: BIK and GRP78 have shown differential expression profiles in breast cancer (BC) tissue, in addition to its important participation in the pathophysiology of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of BIK and GRP78 protein expression with clinical and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy, recurrence, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), in patients with BC.

Material And Methods: Fifty-three patients who received preoperative chemotherapy where included in an observational, analytical and retrospective study to assess the BIK and GRP78 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in microarrays of BC tissue obtained before treatment.

Coexpression of Smac/DIABLO and Estrogen Receptor in breast cancer.

Background: Smac/DIABLO is a proapoptotic protein deregulated in breast cancer, with a controversial role as a tumor marker, possibly due to a lack of correlative mRNA and protein analyses.

Objective: To investigate the association of Smac/DIABLO gene and protein levels with clinical variables in breast cancer patients.

Methods: Smac/DIABLO mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR in 57 frozen tissues, whereas protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 82 paraffin-embedded tissues.

Increased expression of hypoxia-induced factor 1α mRNA and its related genes in myeloid blood cells from critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Background: COVID-19 counts 46 million people infected and killed more than 1.2 million. Hypoxaemia is one of the main clinical manifestations, especially in severe cases.

MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIGH-RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND TRIAGE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-POSITIVE WOMEN.

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer (CC). A plethora of cellular processes is required to produce pre-malignant lesions, which in turn may become malignant if left untreated. Those changes are induced by viral oncoproteins, which represent an ideal target to identify the viral presence, or by some particularities of the host that ultimately promote the establishment of CC.

Circulating microRNAs and their role in the immune response in triple-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, and despite advances in treatments, its incidence and mortality are increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, non-invasive tests that provide more accurate diagnosis and prognosis in a timely manner. A promising approach is measuring the presence of biomarkers to detect tumors at various stages and determine their specific characteristics, thus allowing for more personalized treatment.

Detection of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Unclassified Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer Samples From Mexican Women.

Cervical cancer (CC) is associated to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, for this reason it is crucial to have sensitive and accurate HPV diagnostic tests. To date, most research is focused on HPVs within the Alphapapillomavirus (α) genus and little attention has been paid to cervical infections with other HPV genotypes, like those of the Betapapillomavirus (β) and Gammapapillomavirus (γ) genera. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV genotypes from different genera in women with CC using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).

[Not Available].

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) increases the likelihood of developing cervical cancer (CC). A plethora of cellular processes is required to produce pre-malignant lesions, which in turn may become malignant if left untreated. Those changes are induced by viral oncoproteins, which represent an ideal target to identify the viral presence, or by some particularities of the host that ultimately promote the establishment of CC.

Expression changes of BIK in breast cancer tissues of different histological subtypes.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the expression levels of BIK in breast cancer (BC) tissues of different histological subtype and to delve into the participation of BIK in this type of cancer.

Materials And Methods: BIK and p-BIK (the phosphorylated form) protein expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry in BC tissue microarrays (Tumoral [n = 90] and adjacent [n = 40] tissues).

Results: The data revealed an overexpression of BIK in invasive ductal (Grades I, IIA, and IIB) and in lobular (Grades IIA and IIB) carcinomas compared to their respective adjacent tissues.

[Biology of SARS-CoV-2: Towards understanding and treating COVID-19].

During the last two decades, three different epidemics, caused by three different coronaviruses, have affected humankind. The most recent, known as COVID-19, has caused in only five months, more than 340,000 deaths worldwide. Knowing the biology of coronavirus is key, not just to face the current pandemic, but to prepare ourselves for future epidemics.

[The use of biomarkers in breast cancer].

Advances in the understanding of molecular biology of cancer have allowed that in the last 30 years some biomarkers in cancer have managed to be transferred from the laboratory to clinical practice and have been established as extremely important tools in the management of breast cancer patients. In this review are presented some biomarkers that are routinely used in clinical oncology practice and have a well-established clinical value to direct treatment and establish prognosis in patients with breast cancer, such as ER-alpha (estrogen receptor alpha), PR (progesterone receptor), HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), Ki-67 (Marker Of Proliferation Ki-67), and other biomarkers, such as multigenic signatures, which are used more and more frequently, due to the clinical value shown in various randomized clinical trials and for being increasingly accessible in daily clinical practice. Given the considerable importance of breast cancer in public health, it is necessary to be updated with respect to current biomarkers that have a use in clinical practice and that can serve as tools to provide patients with a more personalized treatment, as well as to know their prognosis.