Shrinkage behaviors of dental composite restorations-The experimental-numerical hybrid analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of light curing protocols on the shrinkage behaviors, contraction stress, and microleakage in composite restorations by an experimental-numerical hybrid analysis.

Methods: Three groups of human molars were collected to receive different light-curing protocols: vertical or oblique curing at regular intensity, and vertical curing at reduced intensity. For each tooth, the composite fillings were consecutively placed under unbonded and bonded states, and their shrinkage behaviors were examined with a digital image correlation (DIC) technique.

Transactivation of protein expression by rice HSP101 in planta and using Hsp101 as a selection marker for transformation.

Plant HSP101 has dual activities, first, in conferring thermotolerance, and secondly, in serving as a translational activator. In this study, we introduced Oryza sativa Hsp101 (osHsp101) cDNA into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stable integration and expression of the transgene into the tobacco genome was demonstrated by Southern and Western blot analysis.