Effectiveness of Integrated Care for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Cardiovascular and Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: In this paper, we use the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC) framework to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care in terms of enhancing the outcomes of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), or their combinations.

Methods: The data extracted from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of integrated care interventions for DMT2, CVD, and CRD (follow-up ≥ 3 months) in 11 databases were analysed using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 54 eligible studies covering 12,976 participants, with a mean follow-up of 54 weeks, were included.

Elements of organisation of integrated maternity care and their associations with outcomes: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Integrated care is seen as an enabling strategy in organising healthcare to improve quality, finances, personnel and sustainability. Developments in the organisation of maternity care follow this trend. The way care is organised should support the general aims and outcomes of healthcare systems.

Validation of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tool in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Integrated care is essential for improving the management and health outcomes for people with Parkinson's disease (PD); reliable and objective measures of care integration are few.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tool (RMIC-MT, provider version) for healthcare professionals involved in PD care.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered online to an international network representing 95 neurology centers across 41 countries and 588 healthcare providers.

Patients' and Care Professionals' Evaluation of the Effect of a Hospital Group on Integrated Care in Chinese Urban Health Systems: A Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-differences Regression Approach.

Background: A hospital group is an organizational integration strategy that has recently been widely implemented in Chinese urban health systems to promote integrated care. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hospital group on integrated care from the perspectives of both patients and care professionals.

Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Shenzhen city of China, in June 2018 and July 2021.

Digital Health Interventions for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Digital health solutions can provide populations with musculoskeletal pain with high-reach, low-cost, easily accessible, and scalable patient education and self-management interventions that meet the time and resource restrictions.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of digital health interventions for people with musculoskeletal pain conditions (ie, low back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, knee pain, elbow pain, ankle pain, and whiplash).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

A Validation Study of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care-Measurement Tool for Patients in China.

Introduction: The original Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tool (RMIC-MT) is based on the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC), which provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for integrated care. The aim of this paper is to modify the original patient version of the RMIC-MT for the Chinese primary care context and validate its psychometric properties.

Methods: The translation and adaptation processes were performed in four steps, forward and back-translation, experts review and pre-testing.

Cross-sectional study evaluating the association between integrated care and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Dutch primary care.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between integrated care and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a primary care practice population.

Design: A cross-sectional survey study.

Setting: Primary care practice population.

Validation of the care providers version of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care-measurement tool in Chinese primary care systems.

Background: The original Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tool (RMIC-MT) is based on the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC), which provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for integrated care. To translate and adapt the original care provider version of the RMIC-MT and evaluate its psychometric properties by a pilot study in Chinese primary care systems.

Methods: The translation and adaptation process were performed in four steps, forward and back-translation, experts review and pre-testing.

How Do Type 2 Diabetes Patients Value Urban Integrated Primary Care in China? Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Fragmented healthcare in China cannot meet the needs of the growing number of type 2 diabetes patients. The World Health Organization proposed an integrated primary care approach to address the needs of patients with chronic conditions. This study aims to measure type 2 diabetes patients' preferences for urban integrated primary care in China.

Validation of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tools (RMIC-MTs) in renal care for patient and care providers.

Introduction: Integrated service delivery is considered to be an essential condition for improving the management and health outcomes of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, research on the assessment of integrated care by patients and care providers is hindered by the absence of brief, reliable, and valid measurement tools.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop survey instruments for healthcare professionals and patients based on the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC), and to evaluate their psychometric properties.

People-centred integrated care in urban China.

In most countries, the demand for integrated care for people with chronic diseases is increasing as the population ages. This demand requires a fundamental shift of health-care systems towards more integrated service delivery models. To achieve this shift in China, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Chinese government proposed a tiered health-care delivery system in accordance with a people-centred integrated care model.

Do project management and network governance contribute to inter-organisational collaboration in primary care? A mixed methods study.

Background: The need for organisational development in primary care has increased as it is accepted as a means of curbing rising costs and responding to demographic transitions. It is only within such inter-organisational networks that small-scale practices can offer treatment to complex patients and continuity of care. The aim of this paper is to explore, through the experience of professionals and patients, whether, and how, project management and network governance can improve the outcomes of projects which promote inter-organisational collaboration in primary care.

Elements of integrated care approaches for older people: a review of reviews.

Objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) recently proposed an Integrated Care for Older People approach to guide health systems and services in better supporting functional ability of older people. A knowledge gap remains in the key elements of integrated care approaches used in health and social care delivery systems for older populations. The objective of this review was to identify and describe the key elements of integrated care models for elderly people reported in the literature.

Person-Centered Integrated Care for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background And Objectives: The effectiveness of person-centered integrated care strategies for CKD is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials to assess the effect of person-centered integrated care for CKD.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from inception to April of 2016), and selected randomized, controlled trials of person-centered integrated care interventions with a minimum follow-up of 3 months.

From micro to macro: assessing implementation of integrated care in Australia.

Many countries and health systems are pursuing integrated care as a means of achieving better outcomes. However, no standard approaches exist for comparing integration approaches across models or settings, and for evaluating whether the key components of integrated care are present in different initiatives. This study sheds light on how integrated care is being implemented in Australia, using a new tool to characterise and compare integration strategies at micro, meso and macro levels.

An Approach to measuring Integrated Care within a Maternity Care System: Experiences from the Maternity Care Network Study and the Dutch Birth Centre Study.

Introduction: Integrated care is considered to be a means to reduce costs, improve the quality of care and generate better patient outcomes. At present, little is known about integrated care in maternity care systems. We developed questionnaires to examine integrated care in two different settings, using the taxonomy of the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care.

A Prospective Validation Study of a Rainbow Model of Integrated Care Measurement Tool in Singapore.

Introduction: The conceptual ambiguity of the integrated care concept precludes a full understanding of what constitutes a well-integrated health system, posing a significant challenge in measuring the level of integrated care. Most available measures have been developed from a disease-specific perspective and only measure certain aspects of integrated care. Based on the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care, which provides a detailed description of the complex concept of integrated care, a measurement tool has been developed to assess integrated care within a care system as a whole gathered from healthcare providers' and managerial perspectives.

Value-based integrated (renal) care: setting a development agenda for research and implementation strategies.

Background: Integrated care services are considered a vital strategy for improving the Triple Aim values for people with chronic kidney disease. However, a solid scholarly explanation of how to develop, implement and evaluate such value-based integrated renal care services is limited. The aim of this study was to develop a framework to identify the strategies and outcomes for the implementation of value-based integrated renal care.

Collaboration processes and perceived effectiveness of integrated care projects in primary care: a longitudinal mixed-methods study.

Background: Collaborative partnerships are considered an essential strategy for integrating local disjointed health and social services. Currently, little evidence is available on how integrated care arrangements between professionals and organisations are achieved through the evolution of collaboration processes over time. The first aim was to develop a typology of integrated care projects (ICPs) based on the final degree of integration as perceived by multiple stakeholders.

Towards an international taxonomy of integrated primary care: a Delphi consensus approach.

Background: Developing integrated service models in a primary care setting is considered an essential strategy for establishing a sustainable and affordable health care system. The Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC) describes the theoretical foundations of integrated primary care. The aim of this study is to refine the RMIC by developing a consensus-based taxonomy of key features.

Towards a taxonomy for integrated care: a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Building integrated services in a primary care setting is considered an essential important strategy for establishing a high-quality and affordable health care system. The theoretical foundations of such integrated service models are described by the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care, which distinguishes six integration dimensions (clinical, professional, organisational, system, functional and normative integration). The aim of the present study is to refine the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care by developing a taxonomy that specifies the underlying key features of the six dimensions.

Exploring the success of an integrated primary care partnership: a longitudinal study of collaboration processes.

Background: Forming partnerships is a prominent strategy used to promote integrated service delivery across health and social service systems. Evidence about the collaboration process upon which partnerships evolve has rarely been addressed in an integrated-care setting. This study explores the longitudinal relationship of the collaboration process and the influence on the final perceived success of a partnership in such a setting.

Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care.

Introduction: Primary care has a central role in integrating care within a health system. However, conceptual ambiguity regarding integrated care hampers a systematic understanding. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that combines the concepts of primary care and integrated care, in order to understand the complexity of integrated care.