Biometric changes in Indian pediatric cataract and postoperative refractive status.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the biometric changes in Indian pediatric cataract and postoperative refractive status.

Methods: A total of 147 patients were recruited into three groups: age <6 months, age between 7 months and 18 months, and age between 19 and 60 months and prospectively observed for 6 months. Exclusion criteria were preterm birth, microphthalmia, microcornea, megalocornea, uveitis, glaucoma, and traumatic or complicated cataract.

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer changes on optical coherence tomography in early multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis cases.

Purpose: To study the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) changes on optical coherence tomography in early multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Patients of early MS (expanded disability status scale <3) with or without optic neuritis (ON) and idiopathic ON were included.

Pediatric cataract.

Pediatric cataract is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Untreated cataracts in children lead to tremendous social, economical, and emotional burden to the child, family, and society. Blindness related to pediatric cataract can be treated with early identification and appropriate management.

Three Cases of Associated Persistent Fetal Vasculature and Ocular Coloboma: Posterior Segment Dysgenesis.

The authors discuss the association of persistent fetal vasculature and ocular coloboma in three children. They explore the possibility of a cause-effect relationship between these disorders, and link them together as a broader posterior dysgenesis. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.

Pediatric Cataract - Importance of Early Detection and Management.

Pediatric cataract is often diagnosed and managed late. This delay may be due to the ignorance on the part of the community, financial constraints, delay in the diagnosis and lack of tertiary care facilities. There is an urgent need to include rubella vaccination in the universal immunization program.

Clinical spectrum and surgical outcomes in spherophakia: a prospective interventional study.

PurposeTo study the varied clinical presentations of patients with spherophakia, their management using surgical methods, and the clinical outcomes.Patients and methodsA prospective interventional study of 13 patients of spherophakia who presented to us from January 2014 and were followed up over the course of their treatment, and the data were documented for analysis.ResultsIn all, 26 eyes of 13 patients were reviewed and the median age of presentation was 12±12.

Modified technique of endocapsular lens aspiration for severely subluxated lenses.

PurposeSeverely subluxated crystalline lenses pose a difficult situation to anterior segment surgeons and can only be managed surgically by removal of the lens as well as the capsular bag. Several techniques have been described in literature for the management of such cases. We describe a modified technique of endocapsular lens aspiration by the limbal route for lens extraction through small incisions on the cornea.

Innovations in pediatric cataract surgery.

Advances in technology have made surgery in children safer and faster. The management of pediatric cataract has made rapid progress in the past decade with the availability of safer anesthesia, newer technique's, more predictable intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, a better understanding of neurobiology, genetics, amblyopia management, improved IOL designs for preventing visual axis opacification, and adjuvant postoperative care. Modern vitrectomy machines with minimally invasive instruments, radiofrequency, diathermy, and plasma blades help immensely in complicated cases.

Insight into high myopia and the macula.

The incidence of myopia is constantly on the rise. Patients of high myopia and pathological myopia are young and can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With the emergence of new technologies such as swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly.

Effect of balanced phacoemulsification tip on the outcomes of torsional phacoemulsification using an active-fluidics system.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of torsional phacoemulsification with a new balanced tip (Intrepid) and a conventional tip (Kelman) using a single active-fluidics torsional phacoemulsification machine (Centurion).

Setting: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of intrastromal corneal donor lenticule for recurrent intrastromal epithelial inclusion cyst in a corneal graft.

Intracorneal cysts are uncommon lesions that occur either due to congenital or traumatic pathology. Treatments described include cyst excision, drainage or intracyst injection of chemical solutions, such as ethanol. Recurrences commonly occur with these modalities and there is no clear consensus on the best approach to take.

Genetic analysis of the mobilization and leading regions of the IncN plasmids pKM101 and pCU1.

The conjugative IncN plasmids pKM101 and pCU1 have previously been shown to contain identical oriT sequences as well as conserved restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns within their tra regions. Complementation analysis and sequence data presented here indicate that these two plasmids encode essentially identical conjugal DNA-processing proteins. This region contains three genes, traI, traJ, and traK, transcribed in the same orientation from a promoter that probably lies within or near the conjugal transfer origin (oriT).

Fludarabine monophosphate as salvage for refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of the purine analogue fludarabine monophosphate (FAMP) as salvage therapy in patients at Groote Schuur Hospital with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) refractory to standard therapy.

Design: Non-randomised trial.

Setting: Tertiary care, referral academic hospital.

Pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infection: radiographic appearance is related to CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.

Setting: An adult HIV outpatient clinic in Cape Town, South Africa.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the radiographic appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in HIV infected patients and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.

Design: Pretreatment radiographs of 150 patients with newly diagnosed PTB were reviewed.

Where is the bladder neck following needle suspension operations?

Bladder neck suspension operations are commonly performed for stress incontinence. Cure is achieved by increasing proximal urethral pressure by repositioning the bladder neck in a supported retropubic position. A prospective study of 25 consecutive cases assessed the position of the bladder neck radiologically pre- and postoperatively and correlated this with the symptomatic cure or failure of surgery.

Childhood phaeochromocytoma--two cases.

The clinical features and management of two cases of phaeochromocytoma in childhood are described, with emphasis on the diagnostic value of ultrasonography.

Aminopeptidase P activity in rat organs and human serum.

The substrate Lys(epsilon-Dnp)-Pro-Pro-NH-CH2-CH2-NH-ABz in which the fluorescent 2-aminobenzoyl (ABz) group (lambda ex = 320, lambda em = 410 nm) is intramolecularly quenched by the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (Dnp) chromophore was synthesized and used for the development of a sensitive assay for aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.