Bridging Distances and Enhancing Care: A Comprehensive Review of Telemedicine in Surgery.

Telemedicine in surgical care has undergone rapid advancements in recent years, leveraging technologies such as telerobotics, artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostics, and wearable devices to facilitate remote evaluation and monitoring of patients. These innovations have improved access to care, reduced costs, and enhanced patient satisfaction. However, significant challenges remain, including technical barriers, limited tactile feedback in telesurgery, and inequities arising from digital literacy and infrastructure gaps.

Advancing pharmacometrics in Africa-Transition from capacity development toward job creation.

Trained pharmacometricians remain scarce in Africa due to limited training opportunities, lack of a pharmaceutical product development ecosystem, and emigration to high-income countries. The Applied Pharmacometrics Training (APT) fellowship program was established to address these gaps and specifically foster job creation for talent retention. We review the APT program's progress over 3 years and encourage collaboration to enhance local clinical data analysis in Africa.

Pharmacometric Analysis to Describe Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Efficacy Response of Ivermectin in Adolescents Infected with Trichuris trichiura.

The efficacy of the combination therapy of albendazole and ivermectin against Trichuris trichiura infection is higher in Tanzania than in Côte d'Ivoire. This study therefore aimed to investigate the difference between the population pharmacokinetics (PK) at these study sites and to determine if an exposure-response analysis could explain the low efficacy of the combination therapy in Côte d'Ivoire. Twenty-four participants (aged 12-19 years) receiving single doses of ivermectin (200 µg/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) were included in the population PK modeling.

Cross-disciplinary mathematical modelling to benefit healthcare - could clinical pharmacology play an enabling role?

Clinical pharmacology is often the nexus in any cross-disciplinary team that is seeking solutions for human healthcare issues. The use and application of real-world data and artificial intelligence to better understand our ecosystem has influenced our view at the world and how we do things. This has resulted in remarkable advancements in the healthcare space and development of personalized medicines with great attributes from the application of models and simulations, contributing to a more efficient healthcare development process.

Brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation in Indian patients by VRSI study group.

Context: Concerns about brolucizumab's (Pagenax®) association with intraocular inflammation (IOI) limit its use despite its cost-effectiveness and efficacy. This multicentric study analyzes IOI incidence across 21 tertiary eyecare centers in India since its introduction in October 2020.

Purpose: To determine the real-world incidence rate of IOI in Indian patients secondary to intravitreal brolucizumab across 21 tertiary eye care centers in India.

Understanding Drug Exposure and Trichuris trichiura Cure Rates: A Pharmacometric Approach for Albendazole-Ivermectin Co-medication in Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire.

Background And Objective: Trichuriasis caused by the human whipworm Trichuris trichiura poses a significant public health concern. Albendazole-ivermectin co-medication is currently the most effective treatment. Studies conducted in Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire unveiled differences in efficacy for albendazole-ivermectin combination therapy in both countries.

A Modern Curriculum for Training Scientists in Model-Informed Drug Development: Progress Report on FDA Grant to Train Regulatory Scientists.

Under US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grant (2U18FD005320-06), the Critical Path Institute (C-Path) and experienced private sector partners collaborated with global health organizations to create didactic video materials in an e-learning format on model-informed drug development (MIDD) topics relevant to a non-modeling audience. Several multinational pharmaceutical companies contributed case studies illustrating the application of the MIDD approach in practice. Training videos were created and divided into several modules: introducing the MIDD landscape for drug development and regulatory science, a review of various model types used for MIDD, discussions of how models inform drug development and regulatory decisions, future goals of MIDD, and discussions on the interconnectedness of models used for MIDD.

Machine-Learning Assisted Screening of Correlated Covariates: Application to Clinical Data of Desipramine.

Stepwise covariate modeling (SCM) has a high computational burden and can select the wrong covariates. Machine learning (ML) has been proposed as a screening tool to improve the efficiency of covariate selection, but little is known about how to apply ML on actual clinical data. First, we simulated datasets based on clinical data to compare the performance of various ML and traditional pharmacometrics (PMX) techniques with and without accounting for highly-correlated covariates.

Ocular surface changes in patients who have undergone head and neck radiation therapy.

Purpose: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a familiar sequelae of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancers (HNC). Ocular surface changes such as DES occur due to injury to the conjunctival epithelium, goblet cells, corneal surface, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands. This study aimed at the evaluation and early detection of changes in ocular surface parameters in patients receiving RT for extraocular HNC.

Knowledge and awareness of clinical trials among trial participants in India: A multicentric questionnaire-based cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The knowledge and attitude of participants toward clinical trials (CTs) are a key determinant in successful recruitment and retention. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness-attitude among the recruited CT participants about CTs.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey comprising CT participants involved in the past or currently a part of a CT during this study within the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN).

Association between resistivity index of central retinal artery and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity. Its progression depends mainly on retinal vasculature and ocular blood flow. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity.

Identification of potential phytochemical inhibitors for the proven six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers - A molecular dynamics study.

COPD is a multifactorial lung disease causing breathing difficulties in individuals and is becoming a major health concern worldwide. The unclear pathogenic mechanism and high mortality rate urge the development of drugs against this disease. In this study, around six COPD biomarkers identified from the preceding research through integrated gene expression analysis were taken as COPD target proteins.

Attitude and perception toward clinical trials in India among patients and patient bystanders visiting the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network: A multi-centric, cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: Advances in patient treatment depend heavily on clinical trials (CTs). Patient volunteers for CT are tougher to recruit and retain. In order to administer CTs effectively, it is necessary to comprehend how the public views and perceives participating in them.

Diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the thigh as the presenting sign of critical limb ischemia.

Diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) is a rare, benign disease that can serve as the precursor to critical limb ischemia. Pruritic, erythematous plaques form from a proliferation of endothelial cells in response to dermal hypoxia. We present the case of a 63-year-old female patient with DDA of the left medial thigh, followed by ischemia of her distal extremities.

Knowledge and perception of health-care professionals on clinical trials in India: A pan-Indian cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of health-care professionals (HCPs), such as doctors/surgeons, pharmacists, nurses, optometrists, and lab technicians, on clinical trials (CTs) in India.

Methods: The study was a pan-Indian cross-sectional survey initiated by the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network (IOCTN) by using a previously validated questionnaire for three months of data collection. An online survey was used to record information regarding demographics, CT knowledge, and CT perception among HCPs.

Internal iliac artery aneurysm in a patient with proximal occlusion at its origin.

We present the case of an 87-year-old man with a ruptured right internal iliac artery aneurysm with hemoperitoneum. The right internal iliac artery aneurysm appeared to fill from the retrograde profunda femoris artery in the setting of a previously repaired abdominal aortic aneurysm with aorta-bi-iliac bypass with ligation of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an aneurysm of the right internal iliac artery measuring 8.

Vitreoretinal disease: a critical review on current technological perspectives and innovative drug-delivery strategies.

To review the state of the art aspects and contemporary innovative drug delivery strategies, for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, their mechanism of action through ocular routes and their future perspectives. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar were used to obtain 156 papers for review. The keywords searched were vitreoretinal diseases; ocular barriers; intravitreal injections; nanotechnology; biopharmaceuticals.

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Anomalously arising Coronary Arteries.

Objective: Anomalous origin of coronary arteries (ACA) is rare. The objective of this communication is to describe the difficulties in angiographic recognition and challenges in percutaneous management.

Methods: The material for this retrospective study was provided by contributing interventional cardiologists practicing in tertiary care centers.

Outcomes of Aortobifemoral Bypass Based on Configuration of the Proximal Anastomosis.

Background: Aortobifemoral bypass (ABF) remains an important treatment modality in the revascularization of aortoiliac occlusive disease. Despite ABF being performed for decades, questions remain regarding the preferred technique for the proximal anastomosis, specifically whether an end-to-end (EE) or an end-to-side (ES) configuration is superior. The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes of ABF based on proximal configuration.

Computational investigation of phytochemicals identified from medicinal plant extracts against tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the world's most challenging infectious diseases and the emergence of drug-resistant poses a significant threat to the treatment of TB. Identifying new medications based on local traditional remedies has become more essential. Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Perkin-Elmer, MA, USA) was used to identify potential bioactive components in , and plants sections.

Association of Thyroid Function and Severity of Illness in Liver Cirrhosis as Measured by Child-Pugh Score.

Objective The main aim of this study is to understand the existing knowledge gap between thyroid function tests and the severity of liver cirrhosis as measured by the Child-Pugh score. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver. Serum triiodothyronine (free T3), thyroxine (free T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, and the severity of liver cirrhosis was measured by Child-Pugh score and statistical analysis were done to investigate the association of free T3, free T4 and TSH levels with Child-A, Child-B, and Child-C severity groups.